ESSENTIAL OIL TECHNICAL DATA

 ESSENTIAL OIL TECHNICAL DATA


Name           Bot. name.          Constituents              Solubility        


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Angelica       A. archangelica     phellandrene;            6 vols 90% EtOH

                                   valeric acid


Anise          P. anisum           80-90% anethole;         3 vols EtOH; ether

                                   methylchavicol            chloroform


Asarum         A. canadense        pinene; methyleugenol    2 vols 70% EtOH


Balm           M. officinalis      chiefly citral           EtOH


Basil          O. basilicum        methylchavicol;          2 vols 80% EtOH

                                   eucalyptol; linalool      ether; chloroform


Calamus        A. calamus          76% beta-asarone         EtOH


Caraway        C. carvi            53-63% carvone;          1 vol 90% EtOH;

                                   d-limolene               8 vols 80% EtOH


Cinnamon       C. cassia           80-90% cinnamaldehyde     EtOH; glac. acetic

                                                            acid


Citronella     C. nardus           25-50% citronellal       10 vols 80% EtOH

                                   25-45% geraniol


Clove          E. caryophyllata    82-87% eugenol            EtOH; ether;  

                                                             glac. acetic acid


Dill           A. graveolens       50% carvone; apiole      1 vol 90% EtOH


Eucalyptus     E. globulus         70-80% eucalyptol;       abs EtOH; oils

                                   alpha-pinene             5 vols 70% EtOH


Fennel         F. vulgare          50-60% anethole;         1 vol 90% EtOH;

                                   20% fenchone             ether; chloroform


Geranium       P. odoratissimum    geraniol esters          3 vols 10% EtOH;

                                   (geranyl tiglate)        ether; chloroform


Ginger         Z. officinale       l-zingiberene;           ether; carbon

                                   d-camphene               disulfide


Hops           H. lupulus          65-70% humulene          ether


Hyssop         H. officinalis      50% pinene               2-4 vols 80% EtOH


Juniper        J. communis         pinene; cadinene;        4 vols EtOH; amyl

                                   camphene; terpineol      alcohol; chloroform



Lavender       L. officinalis      30-40% esters            4 vols 70% EtOH

                                   (linalyl acetate)        absolute EtOH


Lemon          C. limonum          90% limonene             3 vols EtOH; glac.

                                                            acetic acid


Lemon grass    C. citratus         75-85% citral            3 vols 70% EtOH;

                                                            ether; chloroform


Marjoram       O. marjorana        40% terpenes             2 vols 80% EtOH;

                                                            ether; chloroform


Nutmeg         M. fragrans         60-80% d-camphene        1 vol EtOH; 

                                   myristicin; elemicin     3 vols 90% EtOH


Parsley        P. hortense         chiefly apiole           8 vols 80% EtOH;

                                                            ether


Patchouli      Labiatae species    patchouli oil            ether


Pennyroyal     M. pulegium         85% pulegone             3 vols 70% EtOH;

               H. pulegioides                               ether; chloroform


Peppermint     M. piperita         >50% menthol             4 vols 90% EtOH


Rosemary       R. officinalis      >10% borneol             10 vols 80% EtOH


Rue            R. graveolens       90% methyl nonyl ketone  3 vols 70% EtOH


Sandalwood     S. album            90% alcohols (santalol)  5 vols 70% EtOH


Sassafras      S. albidum          80% safrole              2 vols 90% EtOH


Spearmint      M. spicata          >50% carvone             equal vol 80% EtOH


Sweet Bay      L. nobilis          eucalyptol; eugenol      EtOH


Tansy          T. vulgare          thujone; borneol;        EtOH; ether;

                                   camphor                  chloroform


Thyme          T. vulgaris         20-40% thymol            2 vols 80% EtOH


Valerian       V. officinalis      bornyl esters (acetic,   EtOH; ether;

                                   formic, isovaleric)      chloroform


Vetiver        V. zizanioides      8-35% sesquiterpene      1-3 vols 80% EtOH;

                                   ketones                  oils


White Cedar    T. occidentalis     d-thujone; l-fenchone    4 vols 70% EtOH


Wormwood       A. absinthium       Thujyl alcohol; thujyl   2 vols 80% EtOH;

                                   acetate; thujone         ether


Yarrow         A. millefolium      cineol                   EtOH; ether

Abbreviations:


EtOH - ethyl alchol      HOAc - acetic acid

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                         Properties of constituents:


Compound                 Property

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Anethole                 carminative

Apiole                   carminative

Borneol                  perfumery, incense

Bornyl esters            sedatives, antiseptics, counterirritants

Camphor                  anti-infective, counterirritant,antipruritic

Carvone                  flavoring, perfumery, carminative

Cinnamaldehyde           flavoring, perfumery

Citral                   flavoring, perfumery

Citronellal              insect repellant

Eucalyptol               flavoring

Eugenol                  dental analgesic, insect attractant

Fenchone                 counterirritant, perfumes

Geraniol                 perfumery, insect attractant, 

Humulene                 urinary antiseptic (?)

Limonene                 skin irritant, sensitizer

Linalool                 perfumery

Menthol                  antipruritic, flavoring, carminative, anesthetic

Myristicin               mild hallucinogen

Phellandrene             fragrances

Pinene                   manufacture of organic compounds

Safrole                  topical antiseptic, pediculicide, carminitive

Santalol                 in perfumes, soaps, detergents

Thujone                  [ingestion can cause convulsions]

Thymol                   antifungal, antithelmintic, antiseptic

Valeric acid             intermediate in perfumery


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This information may be of use to some more advanced herbalists.  The

solubility information will be of use to anyone who prepares essential oils. 

This is for informational purposes only.  I do not endorse the use of any of

these agents, especially by the untrained.  Many of these agents are very

toxic.


Prepared by Gary Ross [CIS 73317,3317]


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