Starship Engines

 





                (word processor parameters LM=8, RM=75, TM=2, BM=2)

                      Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501

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                                   April 21, 1991


                                     UFO7.ASC

       --------------------------------------------------------------------

       Conf : UFO [*Fido*]

       Msg# : 9434  Lines: Extended  Read: 1

       Sent : Mar 26, 1991  at 12:09 PM

       Recv : Mar 29, 1991

       To   : All

       From : Jim Stewart

       Subj : UFO engines


                                    Starship Engines


                                   By: Anthra Andromda


       Starship engines come  in  two  flavors;  for  strictly interstellar

       propulsion, and for  combined  interstellar/planetary   travel   and

       atmospheric use.  This  paper will treat the latter  of  these.  The

       engine described here   is   suitable  for  either  interstellar  or

       atmospheric travel.


       This engine is of a dual-mode design; it will optionally produce

       either gravitons or tachyons.


       ENGINE DESIGN


       The engine or  propulsion  unit  proper  consists  of  six  discrete

       elements (see fig. 1).


             1) the shield coil -  required to protect the crew/inhabitants

                    of the  ship  from any harmful radiation.   The  shield

                    itself is  a  high-power  electromagnet  operating in a

                    steady state (DC).


             2) the  exciter  coil  is  in   reality  an  auto-transformer,

                    operating much like a 'Tesla coil', but  at much higher

                    power levels,  voltages,  and frequency. Its purpose is

                    to excite the atomic  structure  of  the  core material

                    into production of either tachyons or  gravitons (these

                    two events   occur   at   different  power  levels  and

                    frequencies).


              3) This element is the 'pump',  its  operation is much like a

                    magnetic shock-tube.   It  will  start   and   maintain

                    movement of particles from the core in the direction of

                    the exhaust.



                                      Page 1






              4) The  focusing element. Here the responsibility is to shape

                    the particle stream into  something useful. This is the

                    element that can either make the basic  unit  an engine

                    or a weapon.


              5) The  core,  is  a stack of particle producers separated by

                    some insulating material.  In  a  dual  mode engine the

                    material for one kind of particle acts  as an insulator

                    for the other.


              6) Not  shown  in  the  figure is the control system, this is

                    normally a collection  of high speed computers and high

                    energy power control circuits.



                 +--------------------------------------------+

                 |                     a                      |

                 |  +-----------+-----+-----------------+-----+

                 |  |       b   |  c  |                 |  d  |

                 |  +-----------+-----+-----------------+-----+

                 |  |      e    |

                 |  +-----------+-----+-----------------+-----+

                 |  |           |     |                 |     |

                 |  +-----------+-----+-----------------+-----+

                 |                                            |

                 +--------------------------------------------+


                                      fig. 1


                           a. Shield coil.

                           b. Exciter coil.

                           c. Pump

                           d. Focus coil/yoke

                           e. Quartz/niobium core.



                +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+

                |  Q |  N |  Q |  N |  Q |  N |  Q | N  | Q  |  N |

                +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+


                                      fig. 2


       ENGINE SHIELDING


       The shield coil surrounding the 'engine unit' is  of  a  design that

       will allow for  the  development of high magnetic fields. This field

       is required especially in interstellar  propulsion;  tachyons can be

       very ionizing and therefore destructive.


       The magnetic shield can me made by using large gauge wire (low gauge

       numbers) and winding many turns.


       The gage of  the  wire is important here, as it will  determine  the

       amount of electrical current that the magnet can handle.


       If it is  at  all  possible,  the  use  of small diameter, insulated

       copper tubing may be used. By pumping  coolant  through  the  magnet

       larger fields may be generated.



                                      Page 2






       On the outside of the shield magnet a material such as 'mu-metal' or

       some other magnetic  shielding  should  be  used,  so  as to further

       shield the operators from the engine.


       This sub-system is probably the most difficult to build. While the

       construction of the magnet itself is not difficult, the power supply

       may be another matter.


       Electromagnets, by their   nature,   develop   a   field   that   is

       proportional to the  amount  of  current (amperes)  flowing  through

       them. Thus it is important to build a power source that can not only

       develop a sufficiently  high  voltage,  but  it must also supply the

       required current. This power should be as close to 'pure' DC (direct

       current) as possible.


       EXCITER COIL


       The exciter of the system is very much like the 'Tesla coil' or

       auto-transformer. As an example of an auto-transformer, I submit the

       television 'flyback' transformer.


       While these examples are by comparison crude, they will serve in the

       construction of a  model.  As in the  auto-transformer,  the  'turns

       ratio' is important.  The higher the ratio the greater  the  voltage

       that may be developed.


       Another important factor  here  is  the impedance of the sub-system.

       Since this will be working at high  frequencies  (several  megahertz

       for graviton production,  and 10 to 100 times higher  for  tachyons)

       the AC resistance  or  impedance  must  be  taken into account, this

       impedance must be kept to a

       minimum.


       This part of  the system, like the  shield,  does  its  job  by  the

       magnetic field it generates, therefore, the current flow through the

       exciter must be  as  high as possible, though not  as  high  as  the

       shield.


       Again the power  supply  is  important, it should be able to provide

       the necessary voltage (several hundred  volts)  at  moderately  high

       current levels (up to 30 amps).


       THE PUMP


       This element functions much like a 'magnetic shock  tube'  but again

       at high frequencies  (megahertz).   While  the power levels here are

       somewhat reduced, it is still important  to  have enough power to do

       the job.


       The function of the pump is to 'pull' quanta of either  gravitons or

       tachyons from the  'stack'  and  send  them  down  the length of the

       engine.


       This is done by setting up a traveling magnetic wave, see fig. 3 for

       a crude schematic of this pump. It  is  again  important to consider

       the impedance of this component.





                                      Page 3






                            multiple turns on coil

                      +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+------>

                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |

                      =   =   =   =   =   =   =   =   =     pulsed

         capacitors-> =   =   =   =   =   =   =   =   =     DC input.

                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |

                      --------------------------------------->



       It will be  noticed that the input to this element is pulsed DC, and

       that the element is referred to as an AC element.


       The nature of this such that it functions in the following manner.


       When power is applied the capacitors  charge  in  turn  creating the

       effect of many smaller electromagnets stacked end to  end,  when the

       last capacitor in the chain is charged, power is removed, thus

       allowing the capacitors to discharge


              (high voltage/current diodes across each magnet element

                will allow for proper discharge of the capacitors).


       When the capacitors are discharged power is once again applied.


       Because of the nature of the pulsed DC and the current requirements,

       high speed switching  electronics  are  called  for  to control this

       element.


       FOCUSING ELEMENT


       The focusing element used here would be much like the 'yoke' used in

       television. The purpose here is to create a beam of particles and to

       'bend' that beam in the desired direction.


       The requirements for the focusing  coils  are  greatly relaxed, but,

       the need for high power still exists.


       CONTROL SYSTEM


       If this system were to be used only as a 'steady state demo' the

       requirements here would be small.


       Simple power supplies  and  switching  circuits would  be  the  only

       requirement. However, if  the  system  were to be used in a starship

       the requirements would change.


       In a flight situation the dynamic  control  of  'exhaust'  and power

       levels would exist. If used in a planetary mode, one  could probably

       'get away' with   using   something  like  a  personal  computer  (I

       personally would recommend at least a '386' based machine).


       However if used in interstellar flight  then  the  use  of something

       like a 'Cray' would be more in order (though I would doubt that even

       the fastest of machines known here on earth would suit).


       In an interplanetary mode, where one is not traveling  'faster  than

       light', again a PC (486) would probably work.


       So that's basically it. A suitable air/space frame for a ship and


                                      Page 4






       three of these  engines  and  one  could go 'star-hopping'. Though I

       would warn against 'faster than light'  travel  due to the 'unknown'

       factors involved.


       It has been said that when one attempts to travel faster  than light

       it must be  done  'smartly',  i.e.  the "jump to light speed". It is

       said that to  merely  accelerate   through   the  light  'limit'  is

       dangerous.


       If there are any questions or comments, I can be reached through Jim

       Stewart at the BBS known as ORDO ARGENTUM ASTRUM (fidonode 1:346/13)

       or on the UFO echo.


       --------------------------------------------------------------------


       NOTE: Some of the sources of information cannot be  divulged, sorry.

             But, it  has nothing to do with any earth government. And some

             of the original sources I simply  cannot  remember at the time

             of this writing.


       If anyone is interested in an EGA animation of the operation of this

       system, please leave a note on the echo, or netmail me.


       ---I am Nuit, and my word is six and fifty.

       ---


        * Origin:  Ordo  Argentum  Astrum  <(509)935-4763   after   8:00pm>

       (1:346/13.0)


       *****  A Grasp Animation file is also listed on KeelyNet under *****

       *****   TACYON.ZIP which illustrates operaton of this device   *****

       *****       The file is listed in the Pictures section F).     *****

       --------------------------------------------------------------------


         If you  have comments or other information relating to such topics

         as  this paper covers,  please   upload to KeelyNet or send to the

           Vangard  Sciences  address  as  listed  on the  first  page.

              Thank you for your consideration, interest and support.


           Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson

                             Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet


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                     If we can be of service, you may contact

                 Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346

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                                      Page 5





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