September history

 

*mmddyyyy Birthdays

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B09281785 David Walker born free in Wilmington, North Carolina.

B09271817 Hiram R. Revels, first black U.S. senator, born free, Fay

B0927     etteville, North Carolina.

*mmddyyyy Events

*-------- -----------------------------------------------------------

S09131663 First serious slave conspiracy in colonial America.  Plot

S0913     of white servants and slaves in Gloucester County, Va., was

S0913     betrayed by an indentured servant.

S09201664 Maryland enacted first antiamalgamation law to prevent wide

S0920     spread intermarriage of English women and black men.  Other

S0920     colonies passed similar laws: Virginia, 1691; Massachusetts

S0920     1705; North Carolina, 1715; South Carolina, 1717; Delaware,

S0920     1721; Pennsylvania, 1725.

S09091739 Slave rovolt, Stono, South Carolina, led by rebel named

SO909     Jemmy. Twenty-five whites were killed before the insurre

S0909     ction was put down.

S09041781 Los Angeles, California, founded by forty-four settlers of

S0904     whom at least twenty-six were descendants of Africans.

S0904     Among the black settlers, according to H.H. Bancroft's auth

S0904     oritative History of California, were "Joseph Moreno, Mulat

S0904     to, 22 years old, wife a Mulattress, five children; Manuel

S0904     Cameron, Mulatto, 30 years old,wife Mulattress; Antonio Me

S0904     sa, Negro, 38 years old, wife Mulattress, six children; Jo

S0904     se Antonio Navarro, Mestizo, 42 years old, wife, Mulattress,

S0904     three children; Basil Rosas, Indian, 68 years old,

S0904     wife, Mulattress, six children."

S09171787 U.S. Constitution approved at Philadelphia convention with

S0917     three clauses protecting slavery.

S09071800 Zion AME Church dedicated in New York City.

S09051804 Absalom Jones ordained a priest in the Protestant Episcopal

S0905     Church.

S09211814 Andrew Jackson issued Proclamation at Mobile, Ala., urging

S0921     free blacks "to rally around the standard of th eagle" in

S0921     the War of 1812.

S09211814 Blacks fought in the land and water battles of the War of

S0921     1812.  A large number of black sailors fought with Matthew

S0921     Perry and Isaac Chauncey in the battles on the upper lakes

S0921     and were particularly effective at the Battle of Lake Erie.

S0921     Two battalions of black soldiers were with Andrew Jackson

S0921     when he defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans.

S0921     Jackson issued his famous proclamation to black troops at

S0921     New Orleans on December 18, 1814: "TO THE MEN OF COLOR. Sold

S0921     iers! From the shores of Mobile I collected you to arem; I

S0921     invited you to share in the perils and to divide the glory

S0921     of your white countrymen.  I expected much from you, for I

S0921     was not uniformed of those qualties which must render you

S0921     so formidable to an ivading foe.  I knew that you could en

S0921     dure hanger and thirst and all the hardships of war.  I

S0921     knew that you loved the land of your nativity, and that like

S0921     ourselves, you had to defend all that is most dear to you.

S0921     But you surpass my hopes.  I have found in you, united to

S0921     these qualities, that noble enthusiasm which impels to great

S0921     deeds."

S09091817 Death of Captain Paul Cuffe (58), entrepreneur and acti

S0909     vist, in Westport, Massachusetts.

S09091817 Alexander Lucius Twilight, who was probably the first black

S0909     to graduate from an American college, received B.A. degree

S0909     at Middlebury College.

S09281829 Walker's Appeal, racial antislavery pamphlet, published in

S0928     Boston by David Walker.  Appeal denounced slavery and called

S0928     for slave revolt.

S09201830 First National Black convention met at Philadelphia's Bethel

S0920     AME church and elected Richard Allen president.  Thirty-eig

S0920     ht delegates from eight states attended the first national

S0920     meeting of blacks.

S09281833 Death of Rev. Lemuel Haynes (88), Revolutionary War veteran

S0928     and pioneer black preacher, in Granville, New York.

S09201847 William A. Leidesdorf elected to San Francisco town council

S0920     receiving the third highest vote.  Leidesdorf, who was one

S0920     of the first black elected officials, became the town treas

S0920     urer in 1848.

S09061848 National Black Convention met in Cleveland with some seventy

S0906     delegates. Frederick Douglass was elected president of the

S0906     convention.

S09171861 First day school for freedmen founded at Fortress Monroe,

S0917     Va., with a black teacher, Mary Peake.

S09251861 Secretary of U.S. Navy authorized enlistment of slaves.

S09171862 Gen. George B. McClellan checked Robert E. Lee's Northern

S0917     advance at Battle of Antietam.

S09221862 President Lincoln, in preliminary Emancipation Proclamation

S0922     warned South that he would free slaves in all states in reb

S0922     ellion on January 1, 1863.

S09271862 First Louisiana Native Guards, the first black regiment to

S0927     receive official recognition, mustered into army.  Regiment

S0927     was composed of free blacks of New Orleans.

S09021864 William Tecumseh Sherman occupied Atlanta.

S0919     In series of battles around Chaffin's Farm in suburb of Rich

S0919     mond, black troops captured entrenchments at New Market Hei

S0919     ghts, made gallant but unsuccessful assault on Fort Gilmer

S0919     and helped repulse Confederate counterattack on Fort Harri

S0919     son. Thirty-ninth U.S.C.T. won a Congressional Medals of Ho

S0919     nor in the engagements.

S09031865 U.S. Army commander in South Carolina ordered Freedmen's

S0903     Bureau to stop seizing abandoned land .

S09061865 Thaddeus Stevens, powerful U.S. congressman, urged confisca

S0906     tion of estates of Confederate leaders and the distribution

S0906     of land to adult freedmen in forty-acre lots.

S09131867 Gen. E.R.S. Canby ordered South Carolina courts to impanel

S0913     blacks jurors.

S09271867 Louisiana voters endorsed constitutional convention and ele

S0927     cted delegates in first election under Reconstruction acts.

S0927     The vote was 75,000 for the convention and 4,000 against.

S0928     Elections for delegates to the conventions were held in oth

S0928     er Southern states in October and November.

S09031868 Lower house of Georgia legislature, ruling that blacks were

S0903     ineligible to hold office, expelled twenty-eight representa

S0903     tives. Ten days later the senate expelled three blacks.

S0903     Congress refused to admit the state until the legislature

S0903     seated the black representatives.

S09191868 White Democrats attacked demonstrators, who were marching

S0919     from Albany to Camilla, Ga., and killed nine blacks.  Sev

S0919     eral whites were wounded.

S09221868 Race riot, New Orleans.

S09281868 Opelousas Massacre, St. Landry Parish, Louisiana.  Republi

S0928     cans said Democratic terrorists killed two or three hundred

S0928     blacks.

S09211872 John Henry Conyers of South Carolina became the first black

S0921     student at Annapolis Naval Academy.  He later resigned.

S09141874 White Democrats seized statehouse in Louisiana coup d'etat.

S0914     President Grant ordered the revolutionaries to disperse,

S0914     and the rebellion collapsed.  Twenty-seven persons (sixteen

S0914     whites and eleven blacks) were killed in battles between De

S0914     mocrats and Republicans.

S09011875 White Democrats attacked Republicans at Yazoo City, Missis

S0901     sippi.  One white and three blacks were killed.

S09041875 Clinton Massacre, Clintion, Mississippi.  Twenty to thirty

S0904     blacks killed.

S09081875 Mississippi governor requested federal troops to protect

S0908     black voters. Attorney General Edward Pierrepont refused

S0908     the request and said "the whole public are tired of these

S0908     annual autumnal outbreaks in the South..."

S09061876 Race riot, Charleston, South Carolina.

S09151876 White terrorists attacked Republicans in Ellenton, South

S0915     Carolina. Two whites and thirty-nine blacks were killed.

S09271877 John Mercer Langston named minister of Haiti.

S09241883 National black convention met in Louisville, Kentucky.

S09111885 Moses A. Hopkins, minister and educator, named minister to

S0911     Liberia.

S09031891 John Stephens Durham, assistant editor of the Philadelphia

S0903     Evening Bulletin, named minister to Haiti.

S09031891 Cottonpickers organized union and staged strike for higher

S0903     wages in Texas.

S09181895 Booker T. Washington delivered "Atlanta Compromise"  address

S0918     at Cotton States Exposition in Atlanta.

S09281895 These Baptist groups, the Foreign Mission Convention of the

S0928     United States, the American National Baptist Convention, the

S0928     Baptist National Education Convention, Merged and establish

S0928     ed the National baptist Convention at an Atlanta meeting.

S09151898 National Afro-American Council founded in Rochester, New

S0915     York. Bishop Alexander Walters of the AME Zion Church was

S0915     elected president.  The organization proposed a program of

S0915     assertion and protest.

S09061905 Atlanta Life Insurance Company established by A.F. Herndon.

S09221905 Race riot, Atlanta. Ten blacks and two whites killed. Mar

S0922     tial law proclaimed.

S09271905 First published blues composition, W,C. Handy's Memphis

S0927     Blues, went on sale in Memphis.

S09101913 George W. Buckner, a physician from Indiana, named minister

S0910     to Liberia.

S09101913 Cleveland Call & Post established.

S09101913 Fifty-one blacks reported lynched in 1913.

S09091913 Association for they Study of Negro Life and Histroy orga

S0909     nized at Chicago meeting.  The name of the organization, the

S0909     major organizing center for the dissemination of information

S0909     on black history, was changed in the sixties to the Associa

S0909     tion for the Study of Afro-American Life and History.

S09031918 Five soldiers hanged for alleged participation in Houston

S0903     riot of 1917.

S09291918 Edward Thomas Demby elected suffragan bishop of the Protes

S0929     tant Episcopal diocese of Arkansas.

S09151923 Governor said Oklahoma was in a "state of Virtual rebellion

S0915     and insurrection" because of KKK activities. Martial Law was

S0915     declared.

S09081925 Ossian Sweet, prominent Detroit doctor, arrested on murder

S0908     charges after shots were fired into a mob in front of the

S0908     Sweet home in a previously all-white area.   Sweet

S0908     was defended by Clarence Darrow, who won an acquittal in the

S0908     second trial.

S09101930 Charles E. Mitchell, certified public accountant and banker

S0910     from West Virginia, named minister to Liberia.

S09261937 Singer Bessie Smith died of injuries sustained in an automo

S0926     bile accident near Clarksdale, Mississippi.

S09271940 Black leaders protested discrimination in the armed forces

S0927     and war industries at a White House meeting with President

S0927     Roosevelt.

S09291940 Booker T. Washington, the first U.S. merchant ship commanded

S0929     by a black captain (Hugh Mulzac), launched at Wilmington,

S0929     Delaware.

S09021945 Japanese surrendered on V-J Day, ending World War II.  A to

S0902     total of 1,154, 720 blacks were inducted or drafted into the

S0902     armed services.  Official records listed 7,768 black commis

S0902     sioned officers on August 31, 1945. At the height of the

S0902     conflict 3,902 black women (115 officers) were enrolled in

S0902     the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WACS) and 68 were in the

S0902     Navy auxiliary, the WAVES.  The highest ranking black women

S0902     were Major Harriet M. West and Major Charity E. Adams.

S0902     Distinguished Unit Citations were awarded the 969th Field

S0902     Artillery Battalion, the 614th Tank Destroyer Battalionand

S0902     the 332nd Fighter Group.

S09181945 One thousand white students walked out of three, Gary, Ind.

S0918     schools to protest integration.  There were similar disturb

S0918     ances in Chicago and other Northern and Western metropolitan

S0918     areas.

S09211947 Archbishop Joseph E. Ritter said  he would excommunicate

S0921     St. Louis Catholics who continued to protest integration of

S0921     parochial schools.

S09181948 Ralph J. Bunche confirmed by United Nations Security Council

S0918     as acting UN mediator in Palestine.

S09041949 Riot prevented Paul Robeson concert at Peekskill.

S09271950 Ezzard Charles defeated Joe Louis in heavyweight champion

S0927     ship fight in New York City.

S09271950 Gwendolyn Brooks awarded Pulitzer Prize (May 1) for her book

S0927     of poetry, Annie Allen.  She was the first black cited by

S0927     the Pulitzer committee.

S09271950 Ralph J. Bunche, director of the UN Trusteeship division

S0927     and former professor of political science at Howard Univer

S0927     sity, awarded the Nobel Peace prize (September 22) for suc

S0927     cessful medialtion of the Palestine conflict.  He was the

S0927     first black to receive a Nobel citation.

S09271950 Charles H. Houston awarded the Spingarn Medal posthumously

S0927     for his pioneering work in developing the NAACP legal cam

S0927     paign.

S09111953 J.H. Jackson, pastor of Olivet Baptist Church, Chicago, ele

S0911     cted president of the National Baptist Convention at Miami

S0911     meeting.

S09241953 Take a Giant Step, drama by playwright Louis Peterson, open

S0924     ed on Broadway.

S09271954 School integration began in Washington, D.C., and Baltimore,

S0927     Md., public schools.

S09021956 Tennessee National Guard sent to Clinton, Tenn., to quell

S0902     mobs demostrating against school integration.

S09101956 Louisville, Ky., public schools integrated.

S09121956 Black students entered Clay, Ky., elementary school under

S0912     National Guard protection.  They were barred from the school

S0912     on September 17.

S09191956 First international conference of black writes and artists

S0919     met at the Sorbonne in Paris.

S09091957 Nashville's new Hattie Cotton Elementary School with enroll

S0909     ment of 1 black and 388 whites virtually destroyed by dyna

S0909     mite blast.

S09091957 Rev. F.L. Shuttlesworth mobbed when he attempted to enroll

S0909     his daughters in "white" Birmingham school.

S09241957 President Eisenhower ordered federal troops to Little Rock,

S0924     Ark., to prevent interference with school integration at

S0924     Central High School.

S09241957 President made nationwide TV and radio address to explain

S0924     why troops were sent to Little Rock.

S09241957 Soldiers of 101st Airborne Division escorted nine black

S0924     students to Central High school.

S09261957 Order alerting regular army units for possible riot duty

S0926     in other Southern cities cancelled by Army Secretary Wilbur

S0926     M. Brucker.

S09201958 Martin Luther King Jr. stabbed in chest by a deranged black

S0920     woman while he was autographing books in a Harlem department

S0920     store.  Woman was placed under mental observation.

S09221960 Mali proclaimed independent.

S09211961 Southern Regional Council announced that Sit-in movement

S0921     had effected twenty states and more than one hundred cities

S0921     in Southern and Border States in period from February, 1960,

S0921     to September, 1961.  At least seventy thousand blacks and

S0921     whites had participated in the movement, the report said.

S0921     The council estimated that 3,600 had been arrested and that

S0921     at least 141 students and 58 faculty members had been expel

S0921     led by college authorities.  SRC said one or more establish

S0921     ments in 108 Southern and Border State cities had been dese

S0921     gregated as a result of sit-ins.

S09221961 Interstate Commerce Commission issued regulation prohibiting

S0922     segregation on interstate buses and in terminal facilities.

S09231961 President Kennedy named Thurgood Marshall to U.S. Circuit

S0923     Court of Appeals.

S09281961 Purlie Victorious, a farce by playwright Ossie Davis, opened

S0928     on Broadway.

S09091962 Two churches burned near Sasser, Georgia.  Black leaders

S0909     asked the president to stop the "Nazi-like reign of terror

S0909     in southwest Georgia."

S09101962 Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black vacated an order of a lower

S0910     court, ruling that the University of Mississippi had to ad

S0910     mit James H. Meredith, a black Air Force veteran whose ap

S0910     plication for admission had been on file and in the courts

S0910     for fourteen months.

S09111962 Two youths involved in voter registration drive in Missis

S0911     sippi were wounded by shotgun blasts fired through the win

S0911     dow of a home in Ruleville.  James Forman, of the Student

S0911     Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), asked the presi

S0911     dent to "convene a special White House Conference to discuss

S0911     means of stopping the wave of terror sweeping through the

S0911     South, especially where SNCC is working on voter registra

S0911     tion.

S09131962 Mississippi Governor Ross R. Barnett defied the federal gov

S0913     ernment in impassioned speech on statewide radio-television

S0913     hookup, saying he would "interpose" the authority of the st

S0913     ate between the University of Mississippi and federal judges

S0913     who had ordered the admission of James H. Meredith.  Barnett

S0913     said, "There is no case in history where the Caucasian race

S0913     has survived social integration."  He promised to go to jail

S0913     if necessary to prevent integration at the state university.

S0913     His definace set the stage for the gravest federal state

S0913     crisis since the Civil War.

S09131962 President Kennedy denounced the burning of churches in Geor

S0913     gia and supported voter registration drive in the South.

S09171962 Fourth black church burned near Dawson, Georgia.  Three

S0917     white men later admitted burning  the church.  They were

S0917     sentenced to seven-year prison terms.

S09201962 Governor Barnett personally denied James H. Meredith admis

S0920     sion to the University of Mississippi.

S09241962 U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ordered Board of Higher Educa

S0924     tion of Mississippi to admit Meredith to the university or

S0924     be held in contempt.

S09251962 Governor Barnett again defied court orders and personally

S0925     denied Meredith admission to the University.

S09251962 A black church was destroyed by fire in Macon, Georgia.

S0925     This was the eighth church burned in Georgia since August

S0925     15.

S09261962 Mississippi barred Meredith for the third time. Lt. Gov.

S0926     Paul Johnson and a blockade of state patrolmen turned back

S0926     Meredith and federal marshals about four hundred yards from

S0926     the gate of the school.

S09281962 Gevernor Barnett found guilty of civil contempt of the fed

S0928     eral court. United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth

S0928     Circuit ordered Barnett to purge himself of contempt or face

S0928     arrest and a fine  of $10,000 a day.

S09291962 Lt. Gov. Paul Johnson found guilty of civil contempt.

S09301962 Large force of federal marshals escorted James H. Meredith

S0930     to the campus of the University of Mississippi.  President

S0930     Kennedy federalized the Mississippi National Guard and urged

S0930     Mississippians to accept the orders of the court in a radio

S0930     -TV address.

S09301962 University of Mississippi students and adults from Oxford,

S0930     Miss., and other Southern communities rioted on the univer

S0930     sity campus.  Two persons were killed and one hundred or

S0930     more were wounded.

S09151963 Four black girls killed in bombing of Sixteenth Street Bap

S0915     tist Church in Birmingham.

S09151964 Rev. K.L. Buford and Dr. Stanley Smith were elected to

S0915     Tuskegee City Council and became first black elected offic

S0915     ials in Alabama in twentieth century.

S09081965 Actress Dorothy Danridge (41) died in Hollywood.

S09211966 National Guard mobilized to stop rioting in Dayton, Ohio.

S09061966 Race riot, Atlanta.

S09272966 National Guard mobilizing in San Francisco.

S09061967 President Lyndon B. Johnson named Walter E. Washington comm

S0906     issioner and "unofficial" mayor of Washington, D.C.

S09091968 Arthur Ashe became the first winner of the U.S. Open Tennis

S0909     Championship, defeating Tom Okker of the Netherlands at For

S0909     est Hills Stadium, New York.

S09151969 Large-scale racial disorders were reported in Hartford, Con

S0915     necticut.  Five hundred were arrested and scores were in

S0915     jured.

S09141970 One black killed and two whites injured in shootout between

S0914     activists and police officers in a New Orleans housing proj

S0914     ect.

S09151971 Inmates seized Attica State Correctional Facility (N.Y.)

S0915     and held several guards hostage. They issued a list of demands

S0915     which included coverage by the state minimum wage law, bet

S0915     ter food and no reprisals.

S09161971 Six Klansmen arrested in connection with the bombing of ten

S0916     school buses in Pontiac, Michigan.

S09131971 Fifteen hundred troopers and officers stormed the Attic Pri

S0913     son.  Thirty-two convicts and ten guards were killed.  In

S0913     vestigation showed that nine of the ten guards were killed

S0913     by the storming party.

S09131972 Two blacks, Johnny Ford of Tuskegee and A.J. Cooper of Pric

S0913     hard elected mayors in Alabama.

S09281972 Secretary of the army cleared the military records of 167

S0928     soldiers who were dishonorably discharged in 1906 because

S0928     they refused to identify alleged participants in the Browns

S0928     ville Raid (see page 512).

S09121974 Haile Selassie deposed by military leaders after fifty-eight

S0912     years as the ruling monarch of Ethiopia.

S09011975 Gen. Daniel ("Chappie") James Jr. promoted to rank of four-

S0901     star general and named commander-in-chief of the North Amer

S0901     ican Air Defense Command.

S09021975 Joseph W. Hatchett sworn in as first black supreme court jus

S0902     tice in the South in the twentieth century.

S09101976 Death of Mordecai Johnson (86), first black president of How

S0910     ard University, in Washington.

S09011977 Death of Ethel Waters (80), singer and actress, in Chats

S0901     worth, California.

S09241977 John T. Walker installed as the first black bishop of the

S0924     Episcopal diocese of Washington.

S09231979 Lou Brock stole a record 935th base and became the all-time

S0923     major league record holder.

S09081981 Death of Roy Wilkins (80), longtime executive director of

S0908     the NAACP, in New York.

S09091981 Vernon E. Jordan resigned as president of the National Urban

S0909     League and announced plans to join a Washington law firm.

S0909     He was succeeded by John E. Jacob, executive vice president

S0909     of the league.

S09191981 More than 300,000 demonstrators from labor and civil rights

S0919     organizations protested the social policies of the Reagan

S0919     administration in Solidarity Day march in Washington, D.C.

S09281981 Joseph Paul Franklin, an avowed racist, sentenced to life im

S0928     prisonment for killing two black joggers in Salt Lake City,

S0928     Utah.