ZCOMM User Manual

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 241

modified scan code This is normally the value returned by the ROM BIOS

indicating the key's physical location on the keyboard. If the

raw scancode equals 224 (extended keyboard only), the modified

scancode consists of the scancode added to the ZCOMM internal

code. It is shown by the second number printed by the _

(underscore) command.

shift state The arithmetic sum of the following conditions:

1 Right hand shift key

2 Left hand shift key

4 Ctrl Key

8 Alt key

16 Provided the Shift, Crrl, and Alt key states match, select

this mapping regardless of whether the Application Keypad Mode

or the Decoded Function Key conditions (below) are true.

32 Alternate Keypad Mode (not numeric)

64 Decoded Function Key (Character value greater than 0400 as

displayed by the _ (underscore) command.

128 Select this mapping unconditionally.

Note that a separate entry must be made for each shift key

(left/right). A separate entry may be made for BOTH left and

right shif keys provided your computer's BIOS recognizes

characters entered with both shift keys down.

class

0 Cursor Code (LRUD). In VT52 mode, ESC is prepended to the

string. In VT100 Application mode, "ESC [" is prepended. In

VT100 Cursor mode, "ESC O" is prepended.

1 PFK Key. In VT52 mode, ESC is prepended, otherwise "ESC O".

2 Numeric Keypad. Not mapped in Numeric Keypad mode. In

Alternate Keypad mode, the string is prepended with with

"ESC ?" for VT52, "ESC O" for VT100.

3 An ESC is prepended.

4 No characters are added to the string.

string A string of 1 to 7 characters taken from the third column

above. Control characters must be represented with ZCOMM

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 242

character escapes.

96 keyboard mapping entries are allowed.

EXAMPLE: We wish to map the Up key to send the VT100 cursor up code.

First, we see _ (underscore) command dislays 72 72 0 510 for the Up

key, indicating a scan code of 72, modified scan code of 72, 0 shift

state, and a ZCOMM internal code of 0510 (Function Key). (Exit the _

command by typing Ctrl-Enter).

To make this key always active in "display mapkb" mode, assign it a

shift state of 16. Since VT100 cursor keys have class 0, the command

is: mk 72 16 0 A

EXAMPLE: mk 72 1 0 A maps "right shift keypad 8" to send the VT100

cursor up code (assumes right shift key).

The set command may also be used to define suitable key mappings.

SEE ALSO: dA and dM test conditions, std.mk and 101.mk key mapping

script files.

28.4 Display Operation

When ZCOMM starts up, or regains control after a DOS Gateway, the

video mode and number of columns and rows are interrogated with a BIOS

interrupt call. If the columns are less than 80, or if the BIOS video

mode is between 4 and 6, the video mode is changed to 3 (color,

80x25). If other BIOS video modes cause problems, give a DOS "mode

co80" or "mode mono" command before starting ZCOMM. Display boards

with more than 80 columns or more than 25 lines are supported by the #

and $ numeric parameters (q.v.). If a monochrome or EGA board is

detected during initialization, warpdrive is selected for best

performance.

ZCOMM supports extended EGA displays with ANSI 132 column escape codes

and the V numeric parameter. Special text video modes can be accessed

with the videobios command.

If ZCOMM is started with a Topview or DESQview virtual screen, the

video memory pointers are adjusted.

For special applications, the display may be completely inhibited with

a "display inhibit" command. Updating of the display is reenabled by

a display NOinhibit command or a fatal error disgnostic.

In addition, ZCOMM can emulate hard copy terminals by displaying

identical overstruck characters in bold (high intensity) and by

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 243

underlining characters when the overstrike involves the ASCII

underline character. This is enabled with a "display overstrike"

command. (With the Color/Graphics board, underlining is represented

by reverse video.) (A character position on the screen is overstruck

if the character position being written already contains a character.)

If the applications used involve backspacing and overstriking for

character editing, overstrike will produce random bold characters and

may be shut off with a "display NOoverstrike" command. Alternatively,

the term function subcommand ALT-O will toggle overstrike.

Normally, a received linefeed causes vertical movement only. If

nlmode is set with a "display nlmode" command, a received linefeed

also performs a carriage return. Nlmode is useful for Unix(TM) and

similar systems. ZCOMM's Nlmode setting must agree with Unix's nlmode

setting for screen oriented programs such as Berkeley Editor to

function properly.

Normally ZCOMM autowraps if there are too many characters on a line.

This can be turned off with a "display noautowrap" command.

Normally a received bell character will jangle the speaker with a

beep. The command "display bell=visual" silently displays BEL as a

flashing musical note without spacing to the next character position.

The monochrome display adapter and some Color/Graphics boards allow

DMA access to the video RAM without snow (sometimes called

Chromablizzard). Warpdrive can be used with the Paradise Systems

Multidisplay Card, The IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter, and on the

Compaq without daggers flying about the screen. Many of the

aftermarket graphics display boards also work properly with warpdrive.

Warpdrive doubles the raw display update speed.

When operating with some color/graphics display controllers (including

the IBM CGA board), updating the display will cause snow to appear on

the screen unless warpdrive is disabled.

28.5 Non Standard Displays

ZCOMM defaults to a 80 by 25 display, with the bottom line used for

status information. Some displays support more than 25 lines and/or

more than 80 characters per line. In other cases, ZCOMM might be run

in a small window in multitasking environments such as TopView,

DESQview, or Windows.

The $ and # numeric parameters may be set to accomodate these

situations. A cls command should be given after changing the $ or #

numeric parameter. When ZCOMM starts up, the $ numeric parameter

(number of columns) is set according to the value returned by the

BIOS. ANSI 132 column escape codes are not recognized in windowed

operation. Chapter 23 describes these parameters.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 244

29. LOGGING ENTRIES

ZCOMM can be set to keep various logs with the callers, calllog,

rcmdlog, rxlog, and txlog string parameters. Entries in the log files

include a code in the first column to indicate the conditions of the

operation associated with the entry. They are encoded as follows:

* An open file was implicitly closed when another file was opened or

as a result of a port or call command, or dialing a number.

C Successful completion of a Compuserve B protocol file transfer.

C Call terminated by loss of carrier detect, bye or off command, or

dialing another phone number. Connect time is displayed in tenths

of minutes.

c An open file was closed with a close or ALT-C command.

E Operation terminated by error.

F A transmit file was closed as a result of an end of file

encountered as it was transmitted by the term function.

g A transmit file was closed as a result of an end of file

encountered by the grab command, file received with the fget

command.

K Successful Kermit file transfer.

L Log entry of a host state login, connect time in tenths of minutes.

m Message received with the message or private command.

n The file name shown is illegal for the local operationg system, and

has been changed to "rename.###". The numeric value of ### is

shown in the count field.

R Successful file received with XMODEM family protocol.

Q Questionable filtransfer sent with XMODEM family protocol. On

receive: an EOT character was received but could not be verified;

the file may be truncated. On Send: All data blocks were

acknowledgd, but the EOT was not.

q Partially transmitted file skipped by request.

S Successful file sent with XMODEM or XMODEM BATCH protocol.

t File received with TWX convention (terminated by EOT, ETX, or ^Z).

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 245

U An incomplete received file was Unlinked (removed).

X Call terminated by off or x command or by software termination

signal.

x A file was closed implicitly when ZCOMM exited to the operating

system.

Z Successful file received with ZMODEM protocol.

z Successful file sent with ZMODEM protocol.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 246

29.1 Performance Log

The plog string parameter enables file transfer performance logging.

The default empty value disables this function. Performance log

keeping does not affect the nolog command.

A sample entry is shown below. The fields are: effective speed[1],

log code, "L" for loss of carrier detect (otherwise blank), file name,

length, average transfer rate (characters per second), transfer time

in seconds (file open to file close), number of seconds required to

start the transfer, number of errors (retransmissions), flow control

transistions, block length/subpacket length (at end of file), measured

round trip delay time in hundredths of seconds, the command (or

facsimilie thereof), the other program's serial number (-1 if not

available), the directory entry or caller's name, and the hardware

handshake option.

2400 Z FOO.ARC 153760 186 826 1 20 260 256 234 sz 1171 guess who off

The above example shows 1 second to start the transfer, 20

retransmissions, and 260 times that YAM had to wait for flow control

release. This unusual set of figures is the result of a "networked"

transfer through the "cu" program on a Unix system to a PC, not a

normal connection or PC-Pursuit access.

The count of flow control transitions gives an indication of flow

control restraint applied by the modem, network, or receiver. Since

it counts the times YAM has entered a wait because of flow control

restraint and not the total amount of time spent in that state, it is

not an accurate quantitative measure.

The file transfer time and throughput calculation excludes the time

required to start the transfer, since that time is often not under the

protocol's control.

__________

1. The transmission speed unless set by the estimate command.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 247

30. ERROR (and other) MESSAGES

In the following messages, a %s refers to a filename or some other

name or string. %d or %ld refers to a decimal number. %x refers to

hexadecimal number, usually a character received from the modem.

Error messages referring to the XMODEM protocol and/or XMODEM/CRC

protocol also apply to the the YMODEM Batch protocol, which is an

extension of the XMODEM protocol. Most of the XMODEM error messages

are preceded by the sector and error number.

; not allowed with while The while command does not allow any

semicolons to exist on the rest of the line.

Aborting with error from remote: The remote Kermit program has aborted

the file transfer with the following message.

Access Password When ZCOMM is in host operation, callers must enter an

access password to gain access to the system, unless the string

parameter Password is empty.

Awaiting initial NAK When sending a file with the XMODEM protocol,

ZCOMM is waiting for the receiver to start the transfer with an

initial NAK character.

Awaiting pathname NAK When sending a file in the the YMODEM Batch

protocol, ZCOMM is waiting for the receiver to request transmission of

the file name, and length.

Bad CIS ESC request %x ZCOMM has detected an undefined Compuserve

Protocol escape request. Usually due to a line hit or an aborted

transfer.

Bad CIS request %x ZCOMM has detected an undefined Compuserve Protocol

request. Usually due to a line hit or an aborted transfer.

Bad Command Please refer to Chapter 18 for legal commands.

Bad Condition Please refer to Chapter 26 for legal conditions which

may be tested by the if or while commands.

Bad CRC=%x An error was detected on the last block received with the

XMODEM or the YMODEM Batch protocol. ZCOMM will request

retransmission of the block.

Bad Directory The directory given in a cd command does not exist or is

unreadable.

Bad Disk A command of the form D: attempted to change the default disk

to one that is not in the string parameter disks.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 248

Bad Mode Please refer to Chapter 20 for a list of legal Modes.

Bad Option Please refer to Chapter 19 for legal Options to the k, r

and s commands.

Bad Parameter The p command was given with an unknown parameter

letter. The parameters that can be set may be displayed with the p

command given without any parameter.

Bad parity Setting The 7{eoms} mode must be be one of e o m s (even,

odd, marking, spacing).

Bad SNP A valid and legal serial number-password must be entered with

the putsnp program.

Call Terminated An attempt at connecting to a remote system has been

abandoned.

Can't allocate buffer ZCOMM was unable to allocate memory for the

circular buffer, forcing an immediate exit.

Can't find Directory entry for %s A call or gosub command for name

failed because name was not found in the directory.

Can't open %s errno = %d The named file cannot be opened for reading

or writing (depending on the application). The common reasons are

listed below:

1 No such file or directory.

4 Bad file number.

5 Not enough core.

6 Permission denied.

7 File exists.

8 Cross-device link.

10 Too many open files. (If this error appears when the specified

file is accessible, increase the number of available files with a

"FILES=20" statement in CONFIG.SYS.)

11 No space left on device.

14 Resource deadlock would occur.

Can't send pathname %s The receiver did not accept the named pathname

in a batch transfer.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 249

Cannot unsqueeze %s An error attempting to unsqueeze a SQueezed file.

A required key file is missing, or the decoding information stored in

the beginning of the SQueezed file is corrupted.

No Carrier Detect The Carrier Detect signal from the modem (pin 8 of

the RS232 connector) is OFF. This is often caused by a bad modem

cable, or improper modem strapping options. Setting d mode prevents

ZCOMM from issuing this message.

Changing pathname An illegal pathname has been received. ZCOMM is

changing the pathname to one the local operating system will accept.

Checksum Bad rx=%x cx=%x The last block was received with a bad

checksum. The received checksum and the calculated checksum are

displayed. A retransmission request will be made.

Checksum error in %s A SQueezed file did not UnSQueeze with the

expected checksum. Most likely a data error in the SQueezed file, or

the Key file (if the file was encrypted). Another possibly is a

software error in the program that SQueezed the file.

Closing %s Reception of data for the named file has finished and ZCOMM

is closing out the file.

Command not allowed remotely Certain commands may only be given from

the local keyboard as they would sever communications with a remote

user in host operation.

Connected to Console Keyboard This message is sent to a caller when

the chat command is given in host operation.

*** DISK FULL *** If this message appears, your problems may have just

started; DOS has been known to trash the disk file system when the

disk is filled up. If the disk has been filled up as a result of

receiving data with the term function, use the t, b, w review

subcommands to store the unwritten data on disk. The browse command

may be used to free up disk space. The integrity of the disk file

system should be checked with chkdsk/f as soon as possible.

Enter message up to 64 lines, type blank line when finished The

message or private command allows the user (local, or remote when is

host operation) to enter a message which will be appended to the

Messages or Private file.

Error Checksum=%x Got %x An error was detected in a record received

from Compuserve. ZCOMM will request retransmission.

Error Recovery ZCOMM has detected a protocol error and is waiting for

the line to settle before proceeding.

Exists. Replace/Append/Quit (r/a/q)?? The named file already exists

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 250

on the local system. You have three options: Replace the old file

with the new data, Append the new data to the end of the old file, or

Quit the transfer.

Exit chat with ^Z The remote should type Ctrl-Z to exit from chat back

to the ZCOMM prompt.

Falling back to XMODEM/CRC An attempted XMODEM-CRC file receive has

failed because the sender has not responded to CRC Send requests, so

Zcomm will now try checksum XMODEM.

FILES OPEN A transmit and/or receive file is open. Files should be

closed before executing any commands that would modify data on disk

and/or any directories.

Fetching pathname ZCOMM has requested the remote sender to transmit

the name and length of the next file in a the YMODEM Batch protocol

transfer.

File is Not SQueezed The USQ command has detected a file which does

not have the standard header for SQueezed files. The file is ignored.

found %d %s This informational message is generated when the term

function matches a pattern and the v parameter is non zero.

Got %x for record ACK The Compuserve computer rejected the last record

sent.

Got %x for sector ACK In the XMODEM protocol, a transmitted sector

elicited a response other than the expected ACK, or a NAK. Perhaps

the receiving program has terminated and ZCOMM is trying to send the

record to the remote's operating system command prompt.

Got %x for ACK to EOT The XMODEM protocol sends an EOT to terminate

each file transfer. The proper response to the EOT is an ACK;

anything else is an error. ZCOMM resends the EOT up to ten times if

an ACK is not received.

Got %x sector header In the XMODEM protocol, A sector should start

with 01 or 02. (02 signifies a 1024 byte block.) An EOT followed by

extraneous characters appears as a sector header of 04 (EOT).

Got burst for sector ACK In the XMODEM protocol, sectors are

acknowledged with a single ACK (006) character. ZCOMM detects an

invalid ACK response by waiting two character times to make sure no

noise burst accompanied the ACK. It's far better to retransmit a

block which has been received correctly than it is to incorrectly

proceed to the next block, causing a synchronization error.

Got record %x expecting %x A synchronization error has been detected

in the Compuserve protocol. The file should be deleted as it will

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 251

have been truncated.

Got ZRPOS indicates the receiving program has detected a transmission

error and has requested retransmission. In other words, ZMODEM is

doing its job of detecting and correcting missing and garbled data.

Please refer to Chapter 13 for more information.

Goto not in script context The goto command is valid only in a script.

Hit F1 to End When receiving data with the fget command, hit F1 to end

data collection. Any regular character is passed to the remote.

Hit any Key to stop When sending a file with the fput command, ZCOMM

samples the keyboard every so often to allow the operator to abort the

transfer. The keyboard is not scanned continuously because the

resulting overhead would impair the throughput available with the fput

command.

Incorrect The password entered is not the correct password.

Insufficient DOS FILES=# Add a FILES=20 line to the active CONFIG.SYS

file and reboot DOS to get a sufficient number of file handles to

support the level of script nesting required for your application.

Internal Stack Failure The number and/or size of DOS 3.2 internal

stacks should be increased, or a better operating system should be

substituted.

ioctl(m n) returned N: reason A Unix ioctl operation returned an

error. The first ioctl argument refers to the file descriptor; 0, 1

or 2 indicate a problem with the controlling terminal. Higher file

descriptor numbers (typically 6 or 7) refer to the dial-out serial

line.

The second ioctl argument is the command, shown in hex. This

corresponds to definitions in /usr/include/sys/ioctl.h and termio.h.

%s Is Illegal Device Device is not one of the legal devices in the

string parameter Disks.

Is Restricted Path When ZCOMM is Restricted, only the Home directory

and its subdirectories may be accessed.

Key file read error An input error was detected while reading a key

file used to decrypt SQueezed files.

Label %s not found A goto label command was given, but label could not

be found in the same file as the goto command.

Loc 0 Corrupted An internal error (data stored into location 0 in the

data segment) has been detected. If not caused by a hardware problem,

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 252

please report to Omen.

Local Kermit Timed Out ZCOMM did not receive a Kermit packet from the

remote within the timeout specified by the Kermit t parameter.

Modem SR=%x While receiving a file with the XMODEM protocol, a

framing, break, overrun, or other such error was detected by the UART.

The UART's Line Status Register is displayed in octal. The possible

error conditions, 02=Overrun, 04=Parity Error, 08=Framing Error, and

10=Break, may occur singly or or'ed together. A typical value is 63,

signifying data ready, overrun, break, and transmitter holding

Must set top with t command first When using the w subcommand from

review, the top of the buffer segment to be written must be set with

the t subcommand.

NAK on sector In the XMODEM protocol, the receiver detected a

transmission error and has requested retransmission.

No ACK on EOT In the XMODEM protocol, and EOT is sent and acknowledged

after the data blocks have been sent. This message indicates that the

EOT has not been acknowledged after 10 attempts.

No ACK on sector The XMODEM transmit protocol has retransmitted the

sector 10 times without receiving an acknowledgement from the

receiver. This is usually caused by a loss of connection, or by a

software or hardware problem that does not allow all characters to

pass without error. For example, if the modem cannot pass a character

with the 8th bit set, the sector number cannot be sent. Kermit should

be used under such conditions.

No Carrier Detect The Carrier Detect signal from the modem (pin 8 of

the RS232 connector) is OFF. This is often caused by a bad modem

cable, improper modem strapping options, bad port number selection, or

a defective or incorrectly configured serial interface. Setting d

mode prevents ZCOMM from issuing this message.

No such command The DOS Gateway handler was unable to load the proper

command and/or command.com.

Not allowed to overwrite %s When ZCOMM is restricted, existing files

may not be overwritten.

Nothing to read A read command was given and no file is open for

reading.

Null Pathname An attempt was made to reference a file with an empty

file name. This error sometimes results from a software bug in

Compuserve software attempting to download a file with a filename it

can't handle correctly, so it just leaves the filename empty.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 253

Obey Recursion = %d The main command parser has been called

recursively with too many script levels and/or invocations of the obey

command.

Other end no longer in Kermit Other side timed out. The Kermit on the

other computer has terminated the file transfer.

Out of Memory ZCOMM has exhausted the memory available to it.

Output Flow Control Restraint RELEASED The network or modem did not

release flow control within the time limit set by the S numeric

parameter. This message is usually caused by a spurious XOFF

character generated by line noise. It may also be caused by missing

CTS (Clear To Send) signal on the data port.

OVERRUN: DATA May Be Lost Data has been received from the Remote

faster than ZCOMM could process it. Some of it has been rerouted to

the proverbial bit bucket.

Pause (grab) Sending of data has been stopped by execution of the grab

command.

Pause (handshake)

Pause (XOFF) Sending of data has been suspended by flow control.

Pattern Flags Reset This message is a reminder that any "pattern

found" flags are being reset. If this message appears after a phrase

has been "found", but before the phrase is expected, or before the

wait statement that should have "seen" the phrase, the script needs to

be modified.

Port %d (%X) defective The indicated communications port (8250

integrated circuit) failed a simple diagnostic test. Errors in the

option board switch or strap settings may prevent the port from being

accessible at the expected address.

PRINTER SPOOLER BUSY The print spooler has been enabled with the l

mode, and had not finished outputting from the circular buffer to the

printer when you exited the term function. To print the rest of the

data, return to the term function with F2. You may exit ZCOMM at this

time, but the rest of the data you wanted to print will be lost.

Receive:'%s' FILE OPEN The named file has been opened for protocol

transfer.

Received dup Sector The last sector was apparently received twice. In

the XMODEM protocol, a retransmission is requested in case the sector

number was garbled by an otherwise undetected error. The duplicate

sector is accepted, discarded, and file transfer proceeds.

Receiving in Batch Mode Files will be received using the error

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 254

correcting YMODEM Batch protocol.

%s removed A file received in error is removed to allow another

attempt at uploading it correctly.

Restricted Command This command is not allowed when ZCOMM is

Restricted to protect the system from inadvertent and/or willful

tampering.

Resynchronizing When ZCOMM is sending a file to another copy of ZCOMM

using CRC-16, recovery from sync errors is possible.

Scripts nested too deep Too many levels of call, gosub, and source

commands are active.

Sector number garbled An error has been detected in the sector number

of the last received packet. A retransmission will be requested.

If this error persists for all 9 retries, the transmission medium or

the remote software may be messing with the 8th bit and/or characters

with certain bit patterns. Modems and networks often "eat" control

characters, especially XON and XOFF. Switching to ZMODEM or Kermit

may solve the problem.

Sender CANcelled The Remote has aborted file transfers by sending a

sequence of CAN characters.

Sending in Batch Mode One or more files are being sent in the YMODEM

Batch Error correcting protocol.

Serial Input Error: Line Status Register HH indicates a hardware

problem, slow device driver, TSR program, or other software is

disabling interrupts too long for the program to accept incoming data,

and some characters are lost. A slow response to folow control also

triggers this message.

The value of the line status register is displayed in HEX. The

following error conditions are OR'ed into the Line Status Register.

01 The Interrupt level circular buffer has been overrun. The remote

did not respond to ZCOMM's XOFF or hardware flow control, and

continued to send characters after being told not to. This

problem is alleviated by correct modem flow control

configuration.

02 An 02 value for the LSR indicates Data Overrun. "Data Overrun"

means the computer was not able to respond to an incoming

character from the UART (modem) in time to make room for the next

incoming character. Data Overruns are caused by poorly designed

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 255

software (or ROM BIOS "firmware") locking out interrupts for

excessive periods. These lockouts prevent the communications

program from responding to the incoming characters quickly

enough.

To correct Data Overruns, you must correct the offending

condition(s) to allow the communications program to operate

properly.

Common causes of excessively long interrupt lockouts ("critical

code regions") are disk drivers (BIOS), window managers, disk

caches, TSR programs, and EGA/VGA board auto-select.

Slowing the CPU to allow games and other time dependent programs

to be used can generate excessive interrupt latency.

Some BIOS programs are written without regard to their effect on

high speed communications. Better versions of the offending BIOS

programs may be made available if enough users complain about

poor performance.

Interrupt latency caused by EGA/VGA board auto-select can be

often corrected by disabling the board's Auto-Select.

Poorly written disk caches and disk drivers cause interrupt

latency that affects streaming protocols (ZMODEM) but not start-

stop protocols such as XMODEM, YMODEM, JMODEM, Lynx, etc. The

handshake slow command can be used to stop reception during disk

transfers.

Other chapters in this document give suggestions for working

around excessive interrupt latency by using the NS16550AN UART

chip. Please refer to the "Brain Damaged UARTS" subchapter.

Please try all the suggestions mentioned here before contacting

Omen Technology about data overruns.

08 Framing Error generally caused by line noise or an incorrect

transmission speed ("baud rate") or format (number of bits).

Also caused by some cheap internal modems. Most protocols

require 8 bits no parity (-8n) for proper operation. This is set

automatically by Omen Technology programs, but other programs may

not be so smart.

10 Break Interrupt generally caused by line noise or an incorrect

transmission speed ("baud rate") or format (number of bits).

Also caused by some cheap internal modems.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 256

18 Framing Error and Break Interrupt (see above) in combination.

This error may also be caused by defective 8250 UART chips.

Certain internal modem cards have slow 8250 chips that do not

operate properly with computers faster than 4.77 mHz. Replacing

the 8250 with a NS16550AN is recommended.

Setab: %d %s The displayed string of length %d has been queued to be

sent to the remote as a result of a put, or putw command, or an

answerback request. Setab is also used in sending entstr in response

to typing ENTER.

*** STACK OVERFLOW *** Indicates ZCOMM has run out of memory for the

program stack. Do not pass go, do not collect $200. Reboot the

system with Ctrl-Alt-Del. If you are using a large number of string

variables, or if you have a large DOS enviornment, decreasing the size

of ZCOMM's circular buffer with a DOS "set CBSIZE=" command may help.

If this appears to be a ZCOMM software problem, please report it to

Omen Technology Inc.

String too long The string would have been longer than the storage

space allocated for it.

Sync Error: got %d In the XMODEM protocol, a sector was received whose

sector number does not match the expected sector number modulo 256, or

the last sector number received modulo 256. This usually happens when

a transmission error causes the sender to receive a false ACK.

Unless the o (OverThruster) or g option was used,[1] ZCOMM will

request retransmission in case the invalid sector number was a result

of a line hit. If the file is being sent with CRC-16 by another copy

of ZCOMM, resynchronization will be attempted after ten retries.

Term Function Recursion = %d The term function has been forced to call

itself recursively by f or t commands. Use open or create commands

instead.

Timeout The Compuserve computer has not sent any data for a long time.

When things get this slow, it is best to disconnect and ask Compurerve

to credit you for wasted connect charges.

Timeout on sector ACK In XMODEM protocol, ZCOMM times out waiting for

an acknowledgement to a transmitted sector.

__________

1. These options prevent error recovery.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 257

Too Few arguments The command needs more operands than were given it.

Transaction ABORTED BY ERROR / successful The message indicates the

ending status of the last file transfer or command download. If a

file transfer ended in error, the last file may be truncated.

Transfer Aborted: %ld Characters Received The Compuserve protocol has

aborted file transfer due to an error.

Transmit Data. When data has been sent, close it by typing ^Z When a

remote caller has created a file with the t filename command, ZCOMM

indicated readiness to receive data with this message. When the file

has been transmitted to ZCOMM, a Ctrl-Z will close the file.

Unknown Machine Type ZCOMM looks at the ROM BIOS location F000:FFFE to

determine whether it is running on a PC, XT, PC-jr, or PC-AT. If the

byte fetched in not a standard IBM value, ZCOMM complains and assumes

the machine is equivalent to a PC or XT with respect to clock speed

and i/o overlap. SEE ALSO: o numeric parameter

Unterminated Quoted Token A string token was quoted with a leading "

(doublequote) character, but no matching " (doublequote) could be

found on the same line.

Waiting for call %d ZCOMM is in host operation and is awaiting call N.

If n is greater than 1, then n-1 calls have been received since ZCOMM

was invoked.

Warning: Old dport=%x ier=%x out2=%x mask=%x isr=%08lX When selecting

a port, ZCOMM has discovered that the port's interrupt enable bit was

already set. Some programs use modem interrupts for their operation

but then fail to reset the interrupt enables when they exit. When

another program overlays the old program's interrupt service routine,

an interrupt from the modem will transfer control to the overwritten

memory locations, with unpredicatable results. If the interrupt was

set up by a memory resident program or device driver, this message may

be ignored. This information might be useful in the event of

difficulties caused by such programs. This message may be suppressed

by defining the DOS environment variable HOTPORT.

EXAMPLE: C>set HOTPORT=1

SEE ALSO: port, portx commands

Wrong number of arguments The set command accepts 0 arguments (display

current values) or two arguments, the parameter name and the new value

for it.

XON Timeout The Kermit protocol (with the x option set) has timed out

waiting for an XON character.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 258

ZMODEM Garbage count exceeded The reciever has detected a CRC or other

error and signalled the sender, but the sender apparently has not

received and responded to the retransmission request in a timely

manner. Usually caused by transmission line noise corrupting the

retransmission request as well as the file data, or by an excessive

number of characters stored in the modems and networks.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 259

31. HINTS AND KINKS

31.1 Recursive Function Key Definitions

When defining function keys for use within the term function, do not

use the t or f commands. Instead use the create or open commands to

prevent excessive recursion (term function chasing its tail).

31.2 Noisy Data Lines

Users have reported line noise caused by some types of telephones

attached to the same line used by the modem. When reporting line

noise troubles to the phone company, remember you pay for the service

call if the trouble is traced to your equipment.

31.3 UUUUUUU from 212 modems

Sometimes a 212 modem will send UUUUUU ad nauseam because it has

received (or thinks it received) a command to enter remote digital

loopback. Disabling the modems' remote digital loopback feature (when

possible) prevents this form of "lock-up".

31.4 Funny Business with the Phones File

When trying out new ideas in the Phones file, make sure that ZCOMM is

actually reading the file you think it is by inspecting the value of

the phones string parameter with the "set" command. You might find

that you were editing one file and ZCOMM was reading a different one.

31.5 Losing Keyboard Characters

Generally, ZCOMM does not throw away keyboarded characters that are

typed before ZCOMM prompts for them. However, many commands,

especially wait, invoke the term function which sends any characters

in the keyboard queue to the remote before returning to ZCOMM's

command prompt. In general, any time you see the term function's real

time status line, keyboarded characters will be acted upon immediately

(usually by being sent to the the remote).

31.6 Browsing Through Messages

The vast amount of information on bulletin boards requires some heroic

measures on the part of a user desiring to keep current without

spending all his time wading through the mass of mostly unintersting

messages.

ZCOMM addresses this problem with its script facility which can

download messages from a number of bulletin boards on one or more

systems with human intervention.

The read command and "/" and "n" review subcommands can be used to

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 260

skip from one article to the next by searching for the subject line of

each message. Since the subject line of each message always appears

at the top of the screen, you can keyboard the "n" key quite rapidly

without waiting for the display to completely fill. If you overshoot

a message or two, the "N" command can be used to back up. You'll be

pleasantly surprised at how rapidly you can review message subjects

this way.

31.7 Splitting Up Files

Sometimes it becomes necessary to split up a large file into smaller

files, or to extract small pieces from such a file. For example,

Daisy Wheel printers sometimes jam the paper halfway through printing

a file. Rather than reprint the entire file, use ZCOMM's open and

seek commands to locate the beginning of the desired segment, then

read it into the circular buffer with the read command. Then hit F2

for review, place the top line on the first line desired, and type

"t". If the desired segment fits within the circular buffer, use the

"b" subcommand followed by a "w" subcommand to write the segment to

disk.

If the segment is too large, use the "w" subcommand without a "b"

subcommand to write the entire buffer beginning at the location of the

"t" command. Then kill the buffer with the "k" subcommand, returning

to ZCOMM's command prompt. Another read command can be given to get

the next segment of the file into the buffer. At this point, you can

enter review as before to store another segment. Alternatively, you

can use the create command to open a receive capture file, then write

the buffer contents to it with a w command. Then use kill to clear

the buffer, and repeat this cycle until the end of the file is

reached.

31.8 Refresher Courses

After you've read the manual and used ZCOMM for a while, go back and

skim the manual again. You will grok new concepts that were so

obscure the first time you didn't know you missed them.

31.9 PC <--> Macintosh File Transfers

I do transfers between IBM PC type machines to a Fat Mac and Mac Plus

(one upgraded to the other) all the time. I discovered the

Macintosh's RS-422 port does not have enough signals coming out of it

to properly drive the IBM PC RS-232 serial port without an adapter.

So, get two female DB-25 connectors. On the PC side, tie pins 4-5

together, and tie 6-8-20 together. This insures that the PC sees CTS,

DSR and RLSD/DCD so your IBM comm program will see them.

I prefer using the comm port on the Mac because you can go up to 56

kilobits/sec on it (I use ProYAM on the PC and Microphone on the Mac,

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 261

which offers 38400 bit per second transfer capability with no errors).

Between the two connectors, connect 7 to 7, 3 to 2, and 2 to 3. If you

prefer to use the printer cable, connect 7 to 7, 2 to 2, and 3 to 3.

Edited from a message by Stephen Satchell, Satchell Evaluations (used

with permission)

31.10 Acoustic Coupler for Portables

Having a portable computer with a direct-connect internal modem is

really great - until you try to use it at a pay phone in the airport.

The modular jack does not connect to public telephones.

I found one device that overcomes this problem (and it needs to be

advertized more). It is the acoustic adapter that 3M sells with their

WhisperWriter portable terminals. Model 1490 acoustic coupler

connects the 3M teleprinter to public phone lines through a telephone

handset. It is recommended for applications where direct connection

to phone lines is either not practical or not desirable. The device

consists of a pair of rubber cups, a modular jack, and a battery

powered audio amplifier set. You simply run a 3-foot modular line

from it to your PC, and put the pay telephone's handset in it. Price

is less than $80, it works with 300 and 1200 baud internal modems, and

should work at 2400.

In the Silcon Valley, the distributer is 3M Data Systems (408)866-

8811.

This information comes via Usenet from Joe Smith at SU-SCORE.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 262

32. BUGS

Repeating Subpatterns in String Searches In the pattern n string

command, if string contains a repeating sequence such as foo in

foofoobar, the search may be unsuccessful if part of the phrase is

received immediately prior to the desired string (foofoofoobar).

Line Printer Operation PC-DOS does not supply a function to poll the

line printer status. Such a function is necessary for ZCOMM to

buffer the printer without losing data. ZCOMM gets around this

problem by using the IBM BIOS int 17h printer call, which does

support a printer status check. This limits printer operation to

those that are supported by the BIOS interrupt 17 call.

Term Function Status Line When in the term function, a status line is

displayed with certain information. Sustained high data rates (much

higher than 1200 bps), will prevent this line from being updated in

real time.

DOS Keys The Ctrl-NumLock key should not be used on-line as data could

be lost. The Shift-PrtSc key (screen print) may cause loss of data

at high speeds.

Ctrl-Break If this key is used in ZCOMM, DOS may, for some random

reason, print ^C when ZCOMM exits. This isn't the worst bug in DOS

by a long shot, but knowledge is power ...

BREAK ON This DOS command causes ^C to be intercepted by DOS at

various, sometimes awkward, times. BREAK ON must be used with

extreme caution as interrupting most programs with ^C compromises

the integrity of the file system. If a program is interrupted by ^C

or Ctrl-Break, the file system should be immediately checked with

CHKDSK. In some cases it may be necessary to reboot DOS with Ctrl-

Alt-Del if DOS runs out of file descriptors. A synonym for BREAK ON

might be NUKE FILESYSTEM ON.

Someday MicroSoft may discover what to do with ^C (DEC figured it

out about two decades ago). In the meantime, we recommend you not

use it. When ZCOMM starts up, it stores the status of the BREAK ON

flag, then clears it. On Exit, or when calling a DOS program, ZCOMM

restores the BREAK ON flag to its previous state.

ALT-2 From Term Function The 7 option should not be used as part of a

r or s command given from the term function via the ALT-2 key.

Chromablizzard If you get "daggers" or other noise on the CRT screen

while ZCOMM is in operation, check the video display modes. Try

changing them with the display command.

A moderate amount of Chromablizzard may still appear under some

conditions with unsophisticated color graphics boards.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 263

Decrypting SQueezed files When ZCOMM unsqueezes an encrypted SQueezed

file, the contents of the key file are stored in the circular

buffer. Any wanted information in the circular buffer should be

saved to disk before encrypted SQueezed files are decrypted and

unsqueezed.

Timing Parameters The values associated with the a and t (when < 0)

numeric parameters vary according to the processing speed of the

computer. ZCOMM initializes these parameters to suitable defaults

for the IBM PC, PC-jr, and PC-AT computers. Scripts that set these

values will need to be adjusted when run on computer types other

than the type the script was developed for. Transition to a

different type of operating system (e.g., Xenix) also requires

adjustment in these values.

Zenith Computers Some Zenith computers may need a ROM update to work

properly with interrupt driven programs such as ZCOMM.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 264

33. HARDWARE/SOFTWARE COMPATABILITY

33.1 Hardware Compatibility Notes

IBM PS/2 Model 50Z Early samples of this machine have a design error

on the motherboard that causes comms programs to lock up the

machine. Replacing the motherboard with a correctly functioning

unit from current production corrects the problem. The part number

of the replacement PS2/50 Z motherboard is 35F5928. (Information

provided by John M. Choma 73047,3566) In the U.S. IBM has

stonewalled on this issue, but in December 1988 agreed to replace

the defective motherboards under warranty.

NEC Multispeed The NEC Multispeed computer locks up unless STACKS is

set in CONFIG.SYS. In addition, one should disable floppy disk

power save mode, and set popup program memory allocation to 0. For

best results, use the latest NEC software patches to the NEC MSDOS,

and/or use an IBM PC-DOS instead of the DOS supplied by NEC.

EGA/VGA Multimode Boards Some multimode EGA and VGA boards include an

"auto select" feature designed to configure the board to various

display standards using software trickery. In the case of Paradise

VGA and others, this feature causes excessive interrupt latency and

loss of data at high speeds. Disabling the auto select on the

display board corrects this problem.

EGA Wonder The BIOS in the ATI EGA Wonder has been observed to

increase interrupt latency to the dismay of 9600 bps operation on an

8 mHz no wait state AT clone. There has also been a report

(unexplained) that an EGA board has induced line noise in one

instance.

Tecmar Graphics Master To use ZCOMM with this display board, give a

mode mono command before running ZCOMM.

Leading Edge MODEMS and I/O BOARDS Some Leading Edge modems and

interface boards use 8250 UART devices that do not respond correctly

when the software turns the transmitter interrupts on and off. High

performance communications programs such as ZCOMM require properly

functioning UART chips, such as the National Semiconductor 16450 or

16550A.

33.2 Brain Damaged UARTS

Omen Technology has received reports of problems with buggy 8250 type

UART integrated circuits in Leading Edge modem boards, serial port

interfaces, and computers. The defective chip logic affects high

performance software. Replacing the buggy chip with a newer chip

(16450 or NS16550AN) corrects the problem.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 265

The UM82450 chip in the Zoom 2400HC also appears to cause problems.

Zoom Telephonics advises that this problem is limited to their old

model. The old model is inentifiable by an external volume control.

The NS16550AN is a pin compatible plug in replacement for 8250 and

16450 serial chips. Omen Technology software enables the FIFO buffer

in the NS16550AN to prevents loss of data from poorly written device

drivers, TSR programs, etc.

The NS16550AN has better electrical characteristics than the older

UART chips. 386 and fast 286 machines should use the NS16550AN for

best results. Omen Technology software has been written to allow time

for the older UART chips to operate. However, there is a limit to how

much the software can rearrange chip accesses without resorting to

performance robbing wait loops. Some other software is not as

forgiving of slow chips.

Jameco Electronics at 415-592-8097 sells National NS16550AN chips mail

order (credit card) in small quantities. N.B.: Current WD16C550 chips

may not function properly at low speeds.

Another source is Arrow Electronics at 800-932-7769 (516-467-1000).

Be sure to ask for the NS16550AN. It's important to get the "AFN" or

"AN" part, other versions won't do.

We have received reports of problems with a Western Digital 16550 type

chip.

33.3 Software Compatibility

Some programs and device drivers affecting the operation of PC-DOS

may interfere with ZCOMM, especially when ZCOMM is operating at high

baud rates. Historically, loss and corruption of data have been

caused by memory resident programs. Some of these programs increase

interrupt latency preventing ZCOMM from reading a character from the

UART holding register before the next character comes in on top of

it. In other cases, programs do not properly restore the state of

the machine when they exit from interrupts.

If such a problem is suspected, run ZCOMM without any memory

resident programs or special drivers to locate the source of the

problem. Once the offending program is identified, a call to the

program's vendor may obtain a corrected version.

The design of memory resident programs is a little known black art.

Subtle bugs, non reproducible interactions, and magic combinations

are commonplace results of attempts to impose various aspects of

multitasking on top of an operating system that was not properly

designed to permit such extensions. Omen Technology Inc may be able

to help identify these interactions if provided with the source code

of the offending programs.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 266

Some of the known troublemakers are mentioned below.

TOPDOS TOPDOS, ver 2.00i by Frontrunner Development Corp., has caused

ZCOMM and other programs to lock up. Disabling TOPDOS restores

normal operation.

DOS 3.2 DOS 3.2 introduces the concept of a fixed number of interrupt

stacks. The default value chosen is not always sufficient, and DOS

3.2 sometimes prints the infamous Internal Stack Failure message and

cheerfully halts the computer. Adding the line STACKS=20,128 to the

CONFIG.SYS file should correct the problem. Lacking any useful

documentation from Microsoft, you may wish to experiment with

different values.

Extended Memory RAMDISKS Extended Memory electronic disks (ramdisks)

require the 80286 chip to switch in and out of protected mode during

block transfers. A hardware reset pulse is used to switch back to

the "real mode" required for DOS. This causes loss of modem data at

high speeds.

It may be possible to reduce excessive interrupt latency by reducing

the length of protected mode block transfers to 128 or less. In one

instance, replacing the ROM BIOS with a newer version increased the

maximum transmission speed without losing characters to 9600 bps.

This problem has not been observed with expanded memory

(Intel/Lotus/AST/etc.) ramdisks.

The new generation NS16550AN or 82510 serial interface circuits

should be used instead of 8250's for best results at high speed.

The NS16550AN allows extended memory operation at a communications

speed of 115200 bps compared to 9600 bps for the 8250 and 16450.

Disk Drivers Disk drivers, especially hard disk drivers for 80286

machines, lock out interrupts for varying periods of time. The

actual interrupt latency depends on the speed of the computer and

the particular BIOS code used. In one case, upgrading to a newer

BIOS allowed operation at 38400 bps, compared to 4800 bps

previously. Such an improvement is well worth the small ($25

typical) cost of a new set of ROM BIOS chips.

DOS 3.x Each new version of PC-DOS adds new features and eats up more

of the 8088's meager resources. DOS 3.2 increases interrupt latency

enough to interfere with ZCOMM's operation at 19200 bps on an IBM

PC. If this is a problem, switching to DOS 2.1 will reduce the

interrupt latency. Replacing 8250 and 16450 serial interface chips

with the new NS16550AN chip allows ZCOMM to operate smoothly at high

speeds.

PKARC 3.6 It has been reported that PK36 grabs some interrupts and

doesn't restore them on exit in an attempt to prevent hacks of the

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 267

program. Since eliminating that newer version and cleaning up

memory, high speed xfers even with 8250 UARTS work properly again.

The problem with PK 3.6 appears to be most severe if a BBS operator

has doorware, etc that accesses the PK programs from a shell of some

sort. This info may be helpful to users who are having otherwise

inexplicable file xfer problems.

ProKey Some versions of ProKey disable interrupts for excessive

periods of time, causing incoming modem characters to be lost.

FANSI-Console Versions of this program before 1.07 did not maintain

the pointer to the active display board in the IBM documented memory

location. A DOS mode command may cause ZCOMM to reference the wrong

display adapter address. This caused incorrect sync signals and

possible damage to certain monitors.

Current versions (2.X) increase interrupt latency enough that the

serial line drops characters when the keyboard is touched.

Seaware Batch Versions of this program has been known to cause loss of

data.

Spotlight/Lotus Metro This TSR program has been reported to cause

ZCOMM to lock up.

Pathname Modifiers Programs such as FILEPATH and GLOBALS allow files

to be visible in more than one directory at a time. Such programs

may interfere with security when ZCOMM is restricted, since that

security is based on restricting access to directories. In general,

sensitive files should not be made global when ZCOMM is made

accessible to outside callers.

ZCOMM may not recognize file names generated by such programs unless

the program traps the DOS FINDFIRST calls as well as the file open

calls.

We have received various reports of strange behavior which have been

traced to filesystem modifications caused by such programs,

including damaged file systems. We recommend such programs be

phased out as soon as possible, as they may not operate at all with

future versions of DOS or distributed file systems.

BRKBOX This program locks out interrupts up to 17 milliseconds while

waiting for the vertical retrace. For a communications program, 17

milliseconds is a very long time, and data will be lost at speeds

above 300 bps.

CGCLOCK Programs such as CGCLOCK.COM use clock interrupts to update a

time display on the screen. Some increase interrupt latency so much

that ZCOMM cannot respond in time to accept characters from the

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 268

remote, even at 1200 baud.

Concurrent PC-DOS ZCOMM runs under Version 4.1 of Digital Research

Concurrent PC-DOS (CPCDOS). The - numeric parameter must be set to

0. The CPCDOS "addmem" command should be used to allocate extra

memory if DOS Gateway are to be used.

ANSI.SYS ZCOMM uses direct keyboard input from the ROM BIOS because

the DOS keyboard input calls do not handle Ctrl-BREAK properly. As

a side effect, keyboard keys redefined by ANSI.SYS have no effect on

ZCOMM's operation. It is possible to program some of the keys to

call ZCOMM with arguments. The following file, reassigns ALT-C,

ALT-H, and ALT-V to execute the commands shown below. The $

character represents ESCAPE.

$[0;46;"cd \tmp";13;"ZCOMM call -200 cbbs-r";13p

$[0;35;"ZCOMM call host";13p

$[0;47;"cd \tmp";13;"ZCOMM call cissig";13p

ZCOMM uses the ROM BIOS CRT functions and direct output to the

display, bypassing any processing provided by ANSI.SYS. Perhaps

someday Microsoft will enhance ANSI.SYS to make it useful for

programs like ZCOMM ...

PRINT.COM Once the DOS PRINT program is memory resident, file

downloads at high speeds (38kb on a PC) suffer from interference,

even if a file is not currently being printed.

With certain printers, the DOS PRINT command will preempt the

running program for several seconds at a time. These "swapouts" can

be confusing when you are accessing an interactive application.

They may interfere with file transfers, especially if the remote

program uses "tight" timing. If this happens, PRINT should be

suspended during file transfers. Operation of the PRINT command

does not appear to cause loss of data downloaded from timesharing

services at 1200 bps, as long as the interruptions last less than

ten seconds. Perhaps IBM or Microsoft will someday fix this bug in

the DOS PRINT command. PRINT should not be invoked from ZCOMM for

the first time as DOS memory allocation will become fragmented.

If PRINT or some other spooler is outputting to a serial port using

the BIOS INT 14h serial port driver, ZCOMM's "!~subprogram" command

will redirect the printer output to the remote and thus should be

avoided.

SWITCHAR = - ZCOMM will work properly when the switch character is

set to "-", allowing Unix style pathnames. The - numeric parameter

must be set non zero to allow ZCOMM DOS Gateway to use / to delimit

directories.

It may be necessary to remove this line from CONFIG.SYS and reboot

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 269

DOS before using the IBM dump and restore commands.

N.B.: DOS 3.0 does not support SWITCHAR in the config.sys file.

C'est la vie. A short program, DASH, will set switchar to -. It

prevents many oaths.

For demanding applications requiring sophistication, power and support

not provided by any user supported communications program, Omen

Technology provides Professional-YAM Integrated Communications Tools.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 270

34. BACKGROUND OPERATION

ZCOMM and the help processor YHP run under TopView, DESQview,

Carousel, and Windows, PC-DOS based multiprogramming systems that

support virtual video memory access.[1]

These operating environments allow multiple programs to run

concurrently on the same computer. Vertical applications can use the

high level menus to simplify the customer interface.

The default "performance settings" allow nearly full speed file

download and scripted data capture from dial-up services when other

processes are not accessing the floppy disks.

NOTE: Do not run multiple windows with programs accessing the same

COMM port. If you wish to run more than one program accessing a

specific serial port, close (terminate) the window running each

program before opening a window for another program addressing that

port.[2] It is not sufficient to merely suspend a comms program, it

bust be terminated before another program can access that port without

interference.

Tell DESQview to use the SPECIFIC port number you are using, and not

"Y" to the question: "Uses serial Ports (Y, N, 1, 2)"

Older versions of DOS provide only 20 file slots which must be shared

by all programs, running or suspended. This can cause unexpected,

irreproducible problems with script processing.

DOS's file system semantics can cause unexpected results when one

program is writing to a file while another program is reading the

file. Unlike Unix, data written by a program does not become visible

until the file is closed.

Program Information parameters: 256k is suggested for ZCOMM. If

memory is scarce, ZCOMM can run in about 196k with no DOS Gateway

allowed and the circular buffer made smaller with a "set CBSIZE=4000"

command given to DOS before starting HK. ZCOMM* and YHP do not write

directly to screen, do not access system keyboard buffer, run in the

background, use their own colors (optional), accept keyboard

typeahead, and the window may close on exit to DOS. ZCOMM cannot be

__________

1. BIOS interrupt 10h, ah=0FF and ah=0FE

2. Some programs, such as ProComm, lock two ports at the same time

even when using only one port. Such programs will interfere with

comms programs running in other windows.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 271

swapped because modem interrupts call ZCOMM directly.

34.1 DESQview

DESQview 2.0 and 2.25 on 286 and 386 machines provids a congenial

environment for ZCOMM. DESQview versions between 2.0 and 2.25 should

not be used.

The Allow Close Window Command Advanced Option should be set to N,

allowing ZCOMM to restore the serial port to a safe configuration when

exiting.

34.2 Microsoft Windows

Windows lacks a preemptive scheduler. Other programs can seize the

computer for long periods, rendering background communications

impossible. When protocol file transfers (especially uploads) fail,

run them in the foreground or set the other program to very relaxed

timing.

Windows int 10h support reduces ZCOMM's writing speed by more than 90

per cent. Since Windows will not give ZCOMM a full sized window, full

screen interactive applications (screen editors, etc.) cannot be run

from within a window. ZCOMM will display normally if the .PIF file

specifies direct screen writing.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 272

35. CROSSTALK-XVI SCRIPT CONVERSION

This chapter lists Crosstalk-XVI commands and gives the ZCOMM

commands, modes, and parameters that perform equivalent or superior

functions.

ABort Use the abort command.

ACcept ZCOMM's security protection is based on DOS directory trees and

multiple levels of privilege controlled by passwords.

ALarm Use the lput command to send a bell character (\7) to the local

"screen".

ANswerback Transmission of the answerback string parameter is enabled

by the q mode.

ASk Use the accept command.

ATtention ALT-2 allows a ZCOMM command to be entered from term

function.

BKsize This command relates to Crosstalk's proprietary protocol.

BLankex See blankfill string parameter.

BReak ZCOMM uses ALT-B or Ctrl-Break to send a break. A string or

command assigned to the Ctrl-Break key supercedes its function in

the term function.

BYe Use the bye command.

CApture Capture is always enabled in ZCOMM.

CDir Use the cd command. Unlike Crosstalk, ZCOMM supports full DOS

pathnames wherever a file name is expected.

CLear Use cls.

COmmand In Host Operation, callers type commands directly to ZCOMM.

CStat Use ALT-S or the s command for status information not shown by

the term function status line. The review function provides

flexible buffer searching commands.

CWait See the t mode and t numeric parameter.

DAta Use the 7e, 7o, 7s, 7m, 8, 8n, 8e, or 8o mode.

DEbug Use v or vv mode. This may be toggled with ALT-V from the term

function. In addition, ZCOMM's v numeric parameter helps debug

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 273

scripts.

DIr Use one of the dir commands. Arguments correspond to DOS usage.

DNames The maximum number of names in a directory expansion is

controlled by the optional DOS DIRSIZE environment variable.

Large directories slow DOS and should be avoided. The DOS tree

structure allows files to be logically grouped into directories.

ZCOMM fully supports the DOS tree structure.

DO See the call, source, and gosub commands.

DPrefix See the mprefix and mcommand string parameters.

DRive Use "D:" to select a drive.

DSuffix See the msuffix string parameter.

DUplex Use h or H modes. ALT-H toggles the half duplex modes from the

term function. Also see the chat command.

EMulate See the display command and the A mode. Function keys may be

defined with the set command.

ERase Use kill to clear the buffer, del to delete a file, browse to

browse (and selectively delete) multiple files.

FIlter See the i, s, and S modes.

FKeys See the set, reskeys, and keys commands.

GO To dial a phone number, type the number directly, or use a call

command. call -n allows up to n retries at intervals set by the i

numeric parameter. ZCOMM does not need a special command to work

with a direct RS-232 connection.

HElp Use the help command.

IF See the ZCOMM if command and the i test condition.

INfilter See the i, s, and S modes.

JUmp Use goto label.

LAbel Labels are denoted with a colon (:).

LFauto See a mode, chat command.

LIst Use the s command.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 274

LOad Equivalent to the source or gosub commands. Since ZCOMM does not

load the script file into memory, there is no limit to the length

of script files.

LWait See the p, r, w, P modes.

MEssage Use the echo or lput command.

MOde See the manual chapter on Host Operation.

NAme The name of the called location is taken from the telephone

directory entry name.

NO This ia an internal Crosstalk command.

NUmber The phone number is itself given as a command, either directly

or as part of a script or telephone directory entry.

OUtfilter See the r mode.

PArity Use the 7e, 7o, 7s, 7m, 8, 8n, 8e, or 8o mode.

PIcture Use ALT-Z to store a complete picture of the screen (including

attributes) at ANY time.

POrt Use the POrt command.

PRinter Use the l mode, or toggle with ALT-L from the term function.

ZCOMM buffers the printer to prevent loss of data.

PWord See the password and unrestrict string parameters.

QUit Use the off command. ZCOMM writes the circular buffer to the

receive file if one is open before exiting to DOS, but does not

complain if none is open.

RCve Crosstalk internal command.

REply Use the put or mput command depending on timing considerations.

RQuest The ZMODEM, YMODEM and Kermit batch transfer protocols

supported by ZCOMM use filenames specified to the sending program.

RWind Use a goto command to a label near the beginning of the script.

SAve ZCOMM does not use "command files" in the sense that Crosstalk

does. The few operating parameters that ZCOMM needs set for

interactive operation can be expressed conveniently in one line

telephone directory entries.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 275

SBreak Use the break command.

SEnd Use the f command

SKip Use the goto command.

SNapshot Use ZCOMM's review function review past output from the

remote.

SPeed ZCOMM's speed command accepts all possible speeds from 75 to

38400. The whole number must be entered.

STop Use an odd speed or 110 to force two stop bits.

SWitch Use F1 to exit the term function back to the command prompt, F2

or one of the cursor keys to get from the term function to review.

TAbex ZCOMM does not expand tabs on uploaded files. This is one

Crosstalk feature for which there is no ZCOMM equivalent.

TImer Use the display stat=off command to disable the term function

status line.

TYpe Use the review function to access the buffer contents. The

findm, type, more, and browse/r commands may be used to view disk

files.

UConly Use the u mode.

WAit

Echo Use the p mode.

Quiet Use the wait command with a suitable timeout.

Delay Use the sleep command.

Char Use the p command with the g numeric parameter set to the

desired character.

Prompt Use the p or w mode.

String Use the pattern and wait commands. Case is significant.

Until Use the if command a condition, alone or with the callout

queue.

Manual As above.

WHen ZCOMM's pattern and wait commands allow development of scripts

for unattended operation.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 276

WRite Equivalent to the w command.

XDos Equivalent to ZCOMM's x command.

XMit This uses Crosstalk's proprietary protocol. With ZMODEM, one can

use sz on the local system to send files automatically.

Otherwise, use rb in the remote system, sb on the local system.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 277

36. 1968 ASCII CODE

X3.64 Dec Oct Hex EBCDIC

0/0 000 000 00 00 NUL ^@ Null, Ctrl-@

0/1 001 001 01 01 SOH ^A Start of Header

0/2 002 002 02 02 STX ^B Start of Text

0/3 003 003 03 03 ETX ^C End of Text

0/4 004 004 04 37 EOT ^D End of Transmission

0/5 005 005 05 2D ENQ ^E Enquire, WRU

0/6 006 006 06 2E ACK ^F HEREIS

0/7 007 007 07 2F BEL ^G Bell

0/8 008 010 08 16 BS ^H Backspace, \b

0/9 009 011 09 05 HT ^I TAB, \t

0/10 010 012 0A 25 LF ^J Newline, NL, \n

0/11 011 013 0B 0B VT ^K Vertical Tab

0/12 012 014 0C 0C FF ^L Form Feed, \f

0/13 013 015 0D 0D CR ^M Return, \r,

0/14 014 016 0E 0E SO ^N Shift Out

0/15 015 017 0F 0F SI ^O Shift in

1/0 016 020 10 10 DLE ^P

1/1 017 021 11 11 DC1 ^Q XON, Start Reader

1/2 018 022 12 12 DC2 ^R DC2, Tape Punch ON

1/3 019 023 13 13 DC3 ^S XOFF, Stop Reader

1/4 020 024 14 3C DC4 ^T DC4, Tape Punch OFF

1/5 021 025 15 3D NAK ^U Nak

1/6 022 026 16 32 SYN ^V Sync

1/7 023 027 17 26 ETB ^W End of Tape Block

1/8 024 030 18 18 CAN ^X Cancel

1/9 025 031 19 19 EM ^Y End of Medium

1/10 026 032 1A 3F SUB ^Z CP/M End of File

1/11 027 033 1B 27 ESC ^[ Escape, \E

1/12 028 034 1C 1C FS ^\ File Separator

1/13 029 035 1D 1D GS ^] Group Separator

1/14 030 036 1E 1E RS ^^ Record Separator

1/15 031 037 1F 1F US ^_ Unit Separator

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 278

X3.64 Dec Oct Hex EBCDIC

2/0 032 040 20 40 SP Space

2/1 033 041 21 5A ! Bang, exclamation mark

2/2 034 042 22 7F " Double Quote

2/3 035 043 23 7B #

2/4 036 044 24 5B $

2/5 037 045 25 6C %

2/6 038 046 26 50 &

2/7 039 047 27 7D ' Apostrophe, Single Quote

2/8 040 050 28 4D (

2/9 041 051 29 5D )

2/10 042 052 2A 5C * Splat, Star, Nathan

2/11 043 053 2B 4E +

2/12 044 054 2C 6B , Comma

2/13 045 055 2D 60 -

2/14 046 056 2E 4B . Period

2/15 047 057 2F 61 / Slash, Stroke

3/0 048 060 30 F0 0

3/1 049 061 31 F1 1

3/2 050 062 32 F2 2

3/3 051 063 33 F3 3

3/4 052 064 34 F4 4

3/5 053 065 35 F5 5

3/6 054 066 36 F6 6

3/7 055 067 37 F7 7

3/8 056 070 38 F8 8

3/9 057 071 39 F9 9

3/10 058 072 3A 7A :

3/11 059 073 3B 5E ;

3/12 060 074 3C 4C <

3/13 061 075 3D 7E =

3/14 062 076 3E 6E >

3/15 063 077 3F 6F ? Question Mark, Query

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 279

X3.64 Dec Oct Hex EBCDIC

4/0 064 100 40 7C @ Commercial AT

4/1 065 101 41 C1 A

4/2 066 102 42 C2 B

4/3 067 103 43 C3 C

4/4 068 104 44 C4 D

4/5 069 105 45 C5 E

4/6 070 106 46 C6 F

4/7 071 107 47 C7 G

4/8 072 110 48 C8 H

4/9 073 111 49 C9 I

4/10 074 112 4A D1 J

4/11 075 113 4B D2 K

4/12 076 114 4C D3 L

4/13 077 115 4D D4 M

4/14 078 116 4E D5 N

4/15 079 117 4F D6 O

5/0 080 120 50 D7 P

5/1 081 121 51 D8 Q

5/2 082 122 52 D9 R

5/3 083 123 53 E2 S

5/4 084 124 54 E3 T

5/5 085 125 55 E4 U

5/6 086 126 56 E5 V

5/7 087 127 57 E6 W

5/8 088 130 58 E7 X

5/9 089 131 59 E8 Y

5/10 090 132 5A E9 Z

5/11 091 133 5B AD [ Left square bracket

5/12 092 134 5C E0 \ Backslash

5/13 093 135 5D BD ] Right Square Bracket

5/14 094 136 5E 5F ^ Circumflex, Up Arrow, Hat

5/15 095 137 5F 6D _ Underscore, Underline[1]

__________

1. 5/16 Back Arrow on older codes

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 280

X3.64 Dec Oct Hex EBCDIC

6/0 096 140 60 79 ` Accent Grave

6/1 097 141 61 81 a

6/2 098 142 62 82 b

6/3 099 143 63 83 c

6/4 100 144 64 84 d

6/5 101 145 65 85 e

6/6 102 146 66 86 f

6/7 103 147 67 87 g

6/8 104 150 68 88 h

6/9 105 151 69 89 i

6/10 106 152 6A 91 j

6/11 107 153 6B 92 k

6/12 108 154 6C 93 l

6/13 109 155 6D 94 m

6/14 110 156 6E 95 n

6/15 111 157 6F 96 o

7/0 112 160 70 97 p

7/1 113 161 71 98 q

7/2 114 162 72 99 r

7/3 115 163 73 A2 s

7/4 116 164 74 A3 t

7/5 117 165 75 A4 u

7/6 118 166 76 A5 v

7/7 119 167 77 A6 w

7/8 120 170 78 A7 x

7/9 121 171 79 A8 y

7/10 122 172 7A A9 z

7/11 123 173 7B C0 { Left Brace

7/12 124 174 7C 4F | Vertical Bar, Pipe[2]

7/13 125 175 7D D0 } Right Brace, ALTMODE

7/14 126 176 7E 7E ~ Tilde, Squiggle [3]

7/15 127 177 7F 07 ^? DEL, RUBOUT

__________

2. "Confirm" on some older systems

3. Escape on some older systems

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 281

37. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ZCOMM ("Yet Another Modem") could not have evolved to its current

level of power, convenience, and refinement without help, advice, and

other contributions from many kindred souls over the years.

Digital Equipment Corporation developed the PDP-8, PDP-10, and PDP-11

computers with which I first learned practical data communications

techniques. Ray Zapp and Bob Chesney used the first forerunners of

Zcomm. Ward Christensen developed the MODEM (XMODEM) file transfer

protocol and the MODEM series programs. Dennis M. Ritchie developed

the C programming language. Leor Zohlman wrote BDS C, the cuspiest C

compiler for CP/M, without which CP/M Yam might have been written in

Pascal (if at all). Jack M. Wierda and Roderick W. Hart wrote

CMODEM13.C, the distant ancestor of Zcomm's XMODEM and YMODEM protocol

handler. 32 bit CRC code courtesy Gary S. Brown. Directory creation

code from John Gilmore's PD TAR program. Richard Greenlaw wrote

SQueeze and UnSQueese, Huffman compression programs and wildcard

filename expansion routines. Filename expansion routines used on some

flavors is based on code by Guido van Rossum CWI, Amsterdam

<guido@mcvax.uucp>. Gordon Collett, CDI VP of Engineering, supported

the development and public domain distribution of 8 bit YAM.

Microsoft Corporation developed MS-DOS, providing interesting

debugging experiences. Pacific Northwest Bell regularly provides

protocol stress testing. Bob Richardson, Carl Raff, Scott Lowe, Ken

Brassler, authored documentation describing Compuserve's mysterious A

and B protocols. Jeff Martin, Paul Homchick, Paul Bingman, David

Sternlight, Big Red, and Barefoot John provided encouragement and

suggestions. Charles McGuinness wrote COMSH, which provided some

ideas for ZCOMM's script facility. Stephen Satchell wrote much of the

original Cribsheet. James R. Butler provided numerous suggestions for

improving this Manual. Numerous script examples shown here were

written by Earle Robinson, author of the ejryam scripts for accessing

CompuServe.

The ZCOMM flash-up help file compiler and display program were

originated by Seaquest Software, Pete Mackie President.

The KERMIT protocol was developed by the Columbia University Center

for Computing Activities. KERMIT is available for many systems for

only a nominal fee from Columbia and from various user group

organizations, such as DECUS and SHARE. Columbia University holds the

warrant in any way the KERMIT software nor the accuracy of any related

documentation, and neither the authors of any KERMIT programs or

documentation nor Columbia University acknowledge any liability

resulting from program or documentation errors.

ZCOMM "m" versions are compiled with the SCO System V Xenix to DOS

Cross Compiler. Other C programs are compiled with Computer

Innovations' C86 and Lattice C.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 282

The High Reliability Software(TM), TurboLearn Script Writer(TM),

Cybernetic Data Recovery(TM), ZMODEM-90(TM), ZMODEM AutoDownload(TM),

Intelligent Crash Recovery(TM), Error Containment(TM), Full Time

Capture(TM), True YMODEM(TM), OverThruster(TM), Password Guardian(TM),

CryptoScript(TM), and TurboDial(TM) are Omen Technology trademarks.

CBBS is a trademark of Ward Christensen and Randy Suess. CP/M is a

trademark of Digital Research. DEC and VT100 are trademarks of

Digital Equipment Corporation. DESQview is a trademark of Quarterdeck

Office Systems. KERMIT is a trademark of Henson Associates, Inc.,

creators of The Muppet Show. MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft.

TopView is a trademark of IBM. TWX is a trademark of Teletype

Corporation. Unix is a trademark of Western Electric.

6-26-90.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 283

99. MISSING CHAPTERS

Chapter 99 is a psuedo chapter number referring to chapters of the

Pro-YAM User Manual[1] that are not included in the ZCOMM line printer

edition.

__________

1. Supplied with ZCOMM registration.

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

ZCOMM User Manual 284

100. CROSS REFERENCE INDEX

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION............................................... 2

2. ZCOMM REGISTRATION......................................... 7

3. ZCOMM's Big Brother........................................ 9

4. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY.......................................... 11

5. ROSETTA STONE.............................................. 13

6. INSTALLING ZCOMM........................................... 19

7. UNLEASHING THE MODEM....................................... 22

8. YOUR TELEPHONE DIRECTORY................................... 33

9. HANDS ON TUTORIAL.......................................... 38

10. ACCESSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS................................. 42

11. FILE NAMES Good and Bad.................................... 44

12. PROTOCOL FILE TRANSFERS.................................... 47

13. MESSAGE TRANSFERS.......................................... 65

14. FLOW CONTROL............................................... 70

15. RUNNING ZCOMM.............................................. 74

16. OUTLINE OF COMMANDS........................................ 79

17. SPECIAL KEYS............................................... 84

18. MAIN COMMANDS.............................................. 87

19. OPTIONS for Protocol File Transfers........................ 151

20. MODES for Data Capture..................................... 158

21. TERM FUNCTION.............................................. 169

22. REVIEW FUNCTION............................................ 179

23. NUMERIC PARAMETERS......................................... 183

24. STRING PARAMETERS.......................................... 199

25. CHARACTER ESCAPES.......................................... 215

26. TEST CONDITIONS (if, on, while commands)................... 223

27. HOST OPERATION / REMOTE CONTROL............................ 232

28. TERMINAL (CRT) EMULATION................................... 239

29. LOGGING ENTRIES............................................ 244

30. ERROR (and other) MESSAGES................................. 247

31. HINTS AND KINKS............................................ 259

32. BUGS....................................................... 262

33. HARDWARE/SOFTWARE COMPATABILITY............................ 264

34. BACKGROUND OPERATION....................................... 270

35. CROSSTALK-XVI SCRIPT CONVERSION............................ 272

36. 1968 ASCII CODE............................................ 277

37. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................ 281

99. MISSING CHAPTERS........................................... 283

100. CROSS REFERENCE INDEX...................................... 284

Chuck Forsberg

39. CROSS REFERENCE INDEX

Cross Reference starts here

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

Cross Reference Index

! command 147 ALDS 35

!% Command 149 alphanumeric 13

!~ Command 149 ALT-= 170

%l-234-567-8901 command 87 ALT-B 171

%svar 215 ALT-C command 144

+ mode 168 ALT-D command 144

1 kb packet length 153 ALT-E 176

132 column video 138, 183, 186, ALT-J command 172

187 ALT-M command 144

16550A 32 ALT-N 84

212 modem 31 ALT-Q 63, 85, 210

234-5678 command 87 ALT-R 170

3101 Terminal 96 ALT-R command 144

50Z 264 ALT-S command 144

7 bit data 151, 158 ALT-U command 145

7e mode 158 ALT-W command 145

7m mode 158 ALT-X 170

7o mode 158 alternate keypad 175

80286 266 alternate long distance service

8e mode 159 35, 87, 206, 207

8g mode 159 Alternate phone numbers 88

8n mode 159 ALTMODE 280

8o mode 159 ANSI 173

:comment command 141 ANSI EXTENDED CRT Emulation 159

; command 141 ANSI.SYS 159, 268

<file command 142 answerback 171, 171, 173, 201

>outfile command 142 ap command 89

\045 escapes % 114 apd command 90

\256 metacharacter 114 append 151, 168

\336 metacharacter 118, 118, 129 arguments, optional 18

\\ 215 arithmetic 130

\b 215 ASCII Code 277

\E 215 attention 90

\f 215 autodial 87

\PXXXX 215 AutoDownload 114, 164, 168

\r 215 AutoDownload, Kermit 57

A mode 159 AutoLogon 108

_ command 140 automatic password 215

a mode 159 AutoScript 143, 227

a: command 88 autowrap 96

abort 84 B Protocol 62, 192

abort command 88, 193 B+ Protocol 173

accept command 88, 185 background 228

ACK 174 background operation 90, 100,

activity log 111, 203, 210, 211, 243, 270

213, 244 backslash 215

addlf 159 backspace 170, 202, 215

ADM3a 239 BACKTAB 201, 201

ADM3a Terminal 96 backup 19

AFT 24 batch file transfer 121, 126,

alarm 215 127, 133, 134

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

Cross Reference Index

baud 13 135, 136, 138, 168, 179, 181

baud rate 131, 176, 201, 267 Carousel 270

baudstr 232 carriage return 215

bbs 201 carrier detect 30, 104, 113, 114,

bdump command 90 117, 122, 138, 160, 230

BEL 215 case conversion 145, 166

BELL 173, 174 cat command 92

bell, visual 96 CB simulation 177

Berkeley Editor 243 CBSIZE environment variable 74,

bg command 90 77

binary 58, 160 cd command 92, 205

binary operator 231 cdd command 93

BIOS int 17h 262 CED 184

BIX Timesharing Service 63 cellular radio 160

blank line display 166 challenge 203, 233

blank lines 201 Chapter 99 9

blankfill 201 character escapes 13, 112, 215

blanking 97, 165, 167 character set 136

blinking attribute 184 chat command 93

Block length 49, 62, 192, 196 chromablizzard 243, 262

block mode 94, 177 Circular Buffer 74, 77

border color 187 circular dialing 120, 144, 226,

bps 13 230

break 171, 171, 195, 202, 224 circumflex 216, 279

break command 90 cl command 93

BREAK ON 262 Clear to Send 104, 116, 175

break, received 173 Clink 55, 121, 127, 197

bright attribute 184 close command 93

browse 122 closerx command 93

browse command 145, 145 closetx command 93

BS 170, 175, 202, 215 cls command 94

buffer clear 108 color 36

buffer search 225 Colors 76

buffer write 138 comm port 116, 257

bye command 90 command capture 214

Byte Information Exchange 63 command download 139, 141

C mode 160, 173 command prompt 206, 208

c mode 160 command recall 105, 171

call command 91 command reentry 121, 186

call waiting 160, 160 command retry 105, 171

call1 202, 237 comment 141

call2 202, 238 compression 157

call3 202 CompuServe 62, 125, 185

callers 203 Compuserve B protocol 160

callout 202, 202 Compuserve B+ protocol 173

callout interval 187, 238 concurrency 243

callout queue 187, 203, 228, 232, Concurrent Operation 270

237 Concurrent PC-DOS 268

callpath 203, 232 condition 106, 113, 139, 223

Caps Lock Key 166, 175 Conference 177

capture 13, 66, 93, 94, 101, 108, conference command 177

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

Cross Reference Index

control character escaping 152 230

control characters 166, 167, 173 dim attribute 185

copy 146 dir command 95

CP/M 11, 168 directory 92, 93, 103, 119, 205,

CPCDOS 268 210

CPMEOF 13, 51, 52, 58, 103, 133, directory specification 121

138, 168, 174 directory, phone 209

CR 58, 60, 151, 159, 165, 167, Directory, receiving 75

175, 215 Directory, sending 75

Crash Recovery 48 DIRSIZE environment variable 75

crc command 94 disable command 96

CRC-16 13, 94, 122, 133, 143, 152 disconnect 63, 90, 112, 113, 193

create command 94 disk errors 94

createx command 94 disk system 124

CRT control 110 disks 204, 210

CRT emulation 96, 159, 239 display 262

Ctrl-Break 171, 202, 262 display attribute 184, 187, 190,

Ctrl-Home command 144 191, 192

Ctrl-Z 173, 174 display columns 183

CTS 104, 116, 175 display command 96

CU 78 display inhibit 96, 97, 165, 167

current directory 210 display lines 183

cursor addressing 110 DLE 173

cut 16, 181 DMA 243

Cybernetic Data Recovery 195 Doorway 170, 235

cyclical redundancy check 13 DOS 139, 167

D mode 160 DOS 3.2 266, 266

d mode 160 DOS command 141, 147

Dasher 239 DOS environment variables 74

data corruption 94 DOS Gateway 74, 141, 147, 182,

Data Overrun 254 184, 201, 252

data PBX 152 Down command 143

Data Set Ready 104 download 65

date 201, 203 Download directory 75

date stamping 47, 51, 187 downloadable commands 214

day of week 213 dport 75

DC1 171 DPORT environment variable 74,

DC3 171 75, 78

DCD 104 drive 88

debugging 90, 115, 192 DSR 104, 228

default disk 88 DTR 13, 29

default drive 203 dump 90

del command 95 dump command 97

Delayed Execution 226 dump, screen 209

delete 145, 156, 167, 171, 174, duplex, full 162

211 duplex, half 162, 172, 178, 189,

demand command 95 194

DESQview 187, 243, 270 E mode 161

Dial-In Application 79 e mode 161

dialing queue 120, 226, 230 EBCDIC 58

dialing, circular 120, 144, 226, echo command 98

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

Cross Reference Index

echo, local 162 exit command 99, 139

echo, remote 102 expand 206

echoc command 98 expand command 99

echof command 98 exrc 205

Echoplex 102 Extended memory 266

EGA 138 extension 96

EGA Auto-select 255, 264 f command 99, 190

EGA environment variable 75 f mode 162

egrep command 98 F1 170

egrepq command 98 F10 command 144

Eighth bit Quoting 194, 195 F2 170

elapsed time 124, 136, 172, 176, F2 command 143

224 F3 command 143

electronic mail 204, 208, 209, F4 command 143

237 F5 command 143

else command 98 F6 command 143

Emacs 70, 161, 174 F7 command 143

emdir 204 F8 command 144

empty lines 201 F9 command 144

emulation, CRT 96 fail command 100

emulation, hardcopy 242 faint attribute 185

emulation, terminal 239 Fansi-Console 159, 159, 267

enable command 99 Fastcomm 197

encrypted passwords 215, 216 Fatal Errors 193

END 283 FCONSOLE.DEV 159

end of line 204, 204 FF 173, 175, 215

ENQ 173, 173 fg command 100

entstr 171, 204 fget 66

Environment 76 fget command 100

environment parameter 215 FIDO 54, 55, 121, 127, 133, 197

environment variables 74, 77 file access 205

EOF 168 file append 90, 90, 146

eolstr 204 file capture 135

EOT 173, 174 file comparison 94, 133, 138

erase 145, 156, 167 file copy 146

Error Containment 158, 161, 175, file date 47, 51, 96, 187

185 file display 110, 114, 122, 127,

error count 188 137, 147

error messages 247 file download 13, 58, 60, 63

ESC 174, 177, 205, 215 file dump 98

escape 215, 280 file editing 181, 181

escape sequences 174, 179, 239 file extension 96

escapes, character 215 file length 96

estimate command 99 file links 229

ETX 173, 174, 205 file name override 121, 126

even parity 158, 185 File Received, last 211

execute 116, 199, 201, 202, 203, file rename 90

205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, File Sent, last 213

211, 212, 213 file transfer 107, 121, 122, 125,

execute string parameter 14 126, 127, 133, 134, 164, 165,

exit 167 166, 167, 188, 227

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

Cross Reference Index

file transfer packet length 153 home 92, 205

file transmission 100, 102, 113 Home command 143

file unsqueeze 137 Honey Danber UUCP 78

file upload 190 host command 106

filespec 14 host operation 14, 84, 106, 122,

filter, control characters 166 185, 201, 203, 205, 232, 237

find command 101 Hot zone 187

findmore command 102 HT 175, 215

findq command 102 HZ environment variable 78

finish command 102 I/O Overlap 191

Flow Control 14, 26, 65, 70, 104, IBM 58, 193, 206

116, 153, 156, 161, 162, 186, IBM mainframes 107, 158, 194

195, 197, 198 IBM PS/2 Model 50Z 264

flush 108 if command 106

foreground 228 ife command 106

form feed 215 iff 14

fput command 102 image mode 163, 172

fpute command 69, 102 immediate string 223

frame length 196 input redirection 142

framing error 161, 173 installation 19

free space 224 integrity 14

front end 152 interactive 17

full duplex 172 interprocess communication 94,

function 14 108

Function Key Commands 143 interrupt 84

function key override 211 interrupt latency 101, 104, 132,

function keys 11, 129 266, 267

g mode 162 jerkiness 163

GCOS 170 K mode 164

GEnie 61, 185 kbdlock 84

get command 103 kbdlock command 107

goback command 103 kbdmon command 107

gosub command 103 Kermit 122, 128, 158, 193, 194,

goto command 103 206

grab command 103 Kermit AutoDownload 57, 107

graphics 149 kermit command 107

graphics mode 158, 159 Kermit host command 123, 141

H mode 162 Kermit Protocol 14, 56, 107, 164,

h mode 162 281

H-19 CRT Emulation 159 kermit rb command 107

H19 239 kermit sb command 107

Half Duplex 43, 172, 189 Kermit server access 102, 103,

handshake 70, 175 123, 124

handshake command 26, 104 keyboard lock 107, 175

hard disk 266 keyboard mapping 140, 144, 172,

Help 76, 105, 144, 205, 213 185

help command 105 keyboard to keyboard 93

hereis 171, 173 keyboard, 101 key 17

highlight attribute 184 keyboard, extended 17, 212

history 121, 186 keypad mapped 175

history command 105 keypad mapping 239

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

Cross Reference Index

keys command 108 message command 111

keystrokes 107 messages 208

ki command 108 minirb program 59

kill buffer 189 mk command 111

kill command 108 MNP 24, 30

l command 108 Moby Turbo 154

l mode 164 MODEM 75, 78

label: command 141 MODEM environment variable 75

laptop computer 240 modem port 116, 118, 257

Laser printer 139 MODEM protocol 125, 127, 133

learn 42, 108 modem, intelligent 207, 207, 208

learn command 108, 227 MODEM7 11

Lempel-Ziv 157 MODEM7 batch 54, 121, 127

LF 174, 215 modes 14, 94, 96, 99, 100, 113,

LF, absence of 159 135, 158

line feed 215 more command 111

line hit 14, 161, 173, 175 mprefix 23, 208

line printer 111, 164, 172, 190, mput command 111

207 msuffix 208

line printer status 262 Multispeed 264

Line Status Register 254 n mode 164, 171, 174

link command 110, 233 N.B. 15

link port 193 National character set 136

links, file 229 NEC Multispeed 264

list command 110 newline 151, 164, 215

log keeping 203 NL 164

log, files received 211 nlmode 96, 243

log, files transmitted 213 no carrier detect 104, 113, 114,

log, performance 209 117, 122, 138, 160, 230

log, remote commands 210 nolog command 111

logins, remote 203, 209 nulls command 112

loop count 225 Num Lock key 175

Lotus Metro 267 o command 112

lpnono 207 obey command 112, 217

lput command 110 odd parity 185

lputp command 111 off command 112

ls command 108 off parity 158

LSI-ADM3a 239 on command 113

LSI-ADM3a Terminal 96 on line 17

LSR 254 ONAME= 46, 127, 134

lx command 108 oncloserx 46

LZW 157 onclosetx 46

magic characters 218, 222 open command 113

mainframe 58 options 15, 121, 122, 125, 126,

Mainframe Computers 206 127, 133, 134, 151

Maxwell 31 output redirection 142

mconnect 88, 207 overrun 173, 252

menu 105, 205, 207, 213 overstrike 96, 172, 242

menu command 111 OverThruster 51, 53, 125, 185

menus 11 P mode 164

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

Cross Reference Index

p command 119 PHONES environment variable 76,

p mode 164 78

pacing 69, 102, 161, 164, 166, picture 209

167, 191 pipe 280

packet length 192, 196 plog 209

PAD 71 POLYboost 184

page 145 pop-up 105, 205, 213

page command 114 port 75, 204

PAGER environment variable 78 port command 116

parameter, numeric 119 portx command 118

parameters, numeric 183 PREFIX= 46, 127

parameters, string 128, 199 PREFIX=p 134

Parity 114, 158, 159, 167, 173, printer 111, 139, 164, 172, 207

176, 185 printer controller mode 190

parity errors 161 printer selection 190

password 137, 209, 213, 233 printer spoolers 268

password files 98, 102 private 209

Password Guardian 215, 216 private command 118

password, automatic generation Pro-YAM upgrade 7

144, 213, 217 ProDoor 170

password, encrypted 215 prompt 188

paste 181 protocol 47

PATH environment variable 76, 78 PS/2 Comm Ports 116

pathname 15, 92, 93, 119 purgek command 118, 224

pathname override 121, 126 put command 118, 217

pathname, full 152 putsnp program 19

pathnames, received 121 putv command 119

pathnames, transmitted 127, 127, putw command 119

133, 134 pwd command 119

pathspec 15 Q mode 165

pattern command 114 q mode 165

pattern match fail time 162, 162, q.v. 15

166, 188 Qmodem-G 54, 153

pattern searches 174 queue 120, 226, 230

pause 130 queue command 120

PBX, data 196 quit command 120

PC Board 170 quitcmd 85, 210

PC Pursuit 71 r command 121

PC Terminal 239 r mode 165

PC-DOS 11 r7 command 121

PC-Pursuit 197 RAMDISK 266

pcAnywhere 74 rb command 121

per cent 215 rc command 122

Performance log 156, 209, 246 rcmdlog 210

permanent string parameters 199 read 145, 146, 179

PgDn 170 read command 122

PgUp 170 real time status line 175, 175

PHODIR.t 33 receive command 122

phone directory 19, 33, 34, 144, receive file 135, 177

209 recursion, term function 129,

phones 209 172, 212, 227, 256, 259

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

Cross Reference Index

redial 189 S mode 165

redirection, input 142 s mode 166

redirection, output 142 s7 command 127

regular expression 132, 225 sb command 127

Regular Expressions 16 scancode 170

Relaxed XMODEM 52 scheduling 226

Relaxed YMODEM 52 Screen colors 76

remote 16, 210 screen dump 209

remote command 122 screen emulation 239

remote command log 210 script 16, 207

remote control 232 script level 16, 92, 98, 100,

remote cwd command 123 113, 126

remote delete command 123 script, unrestricted 91, 99, 131,

remote dir command 123 211

remote help command 123 scrolling 163

remote host command 123 scrolling smear 227

remote print command 123 SEAlink 55, 121, 127, 197

remote space command 123 search 101, 102, 180

remote system name 210 security 121, 126, 137, 159, 168,

remote takeover 232 204, 205, 209, 210, 211, 213,

remote type command 123 215, 217

remote who command 124 seek command 127

remove 156 semaphore 94, 95, 108

reset command 124 send command 128

reskeys command 124 separator 141

resource locking 95 Serial Number 156, 246

restime command 124 server 56

Restraint 14 set command 128

restrict command 124 sets command 217

restricted 16, 226, 231 shell escape 16, 141, 147

resume 162, 188 Shift-F1 command 144

return command 124 Shift-F2 command 144

return, carriage 215 Shift-F3 command 144

reverse video 191 Shift-F4 command 144

review 122, 145, 146, 178 Shift-F5 command 144

review function 16, 179 Shift-F6 command 144

rewind 127 sleep command 130

rewind command 124 SlugBait 155

RLE compression 157 Smartmodem 29, 29

rmtcheck 211 snow 243, 262

rmtcmd 211 SNP 19

ro command 124 soft keys 16, 108, 124, 130, 145,

robustness 16 170, 172, 211

RS232 30 Soft Keys command 130

rt command 125 source command 130

RUBOUT 114, 170, 171, 174, 211 speed command 131

rw command 125 speed detection 201

rx command 125 speed selection 201

rxcnt 211 split command 132, 206

rxlog 211 Spotlight 267

rz command 126 squiggle 280

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

Cross Reference Index

ss command 132 Timing 198

sss mode 166 tname 213

st command 133 TOPDOS 266

STACKS= 37, 266 TopView 183, 187, 243, 270

status 85, 145 Touch-Tone 87

status command 126 trace 115, 192

status line 191, 262 transfer recovery 48

stop bits 131 translate table 58

Streaming XMODEM 54 translation 136

string 17 transmission speed 95, 131, 176

string search 101, 102 transmission time 95

string substitution 112, 215 transmit file 177

string tests 224, 226 transparencey 152

string variables 88 transparency 160, 163, 202, 207

strip 166 trs command 136

Subpacket length 49 TSR programs 255

sum command 133 TurboLearn 143, 227

Super-Kermit 193 turnaround 164

SWITCHAR 146, 184, 268 TWX 17, 165, 171, 173, 201

sx command 133 txlog 213

System Command 141, 147 Tymnet 43, 66

system name, remote 210 type command 137

sz command 134 typeahead 107

t command 135 u mode 166

t mode 166 unary operator 231

TAB 175, 212, 215 underline video 192

tcs command 136 Unix 11, 40, 59, 133, 138, 163,

Telenet 42, 66, 71 170, 187, 228, 243

Telephone Directory 33, 42 UNIX/XENIX environment variables

Televideo 9xx Terminal 96 77

Telink 125, 133, 197 unlink 156

Telink Protocol 55 unrestrict 16, 213

temporary string parameters 199 unrestrict command 137

TERM environment variable 78 unrestricted 122

term function 17, 156, 185, 214 unrestricted script 91, 99, 131,

term function recursion 129, 172, 211

212, 227, 256, 259 unsqueeze 137

termcap 96 Up command 143

terminal emulation 239 upload 17

test condition 106, 113, 139, 223 Upload directory 75

throttle 166 upper case 166

TI 940 Terminal 96 upper case conversion 145

time 202, 212 user prompt 98

time zone 47, 51, 187 usq command 137

time, elapsed 124, 136, 224 UUCP 78

Timeout 185 v mode 167, 173

timeout, protocol 187 V.22 Modulation 25

timeout, script 188 V.42 24

Timer 226 VDISK.SYS 266

timestamp 124 verbose 192

timestamp command 136 VGA Auto-select 255, 264

Version 17.61 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition

Cross Reference Index

vi 243 xpassword 213

video attribute 184, 184, 185, xpc command 139

187, 190, 191, 192 xterm 78

video mode 138 Xwindows 78

videobios command 138 y mode 167

view 147, 156, 167, 173 year 201

view mode 176 YMODEM 25, 50, 54, 70, 85, 104,

view option 85 121, 127

virtual screen 183 YMODEM Protocol 17

visual bell 96 YMODEM-g 53, 121, 126, 153

VMS 61, 170, 196 Z mode 168

VP/ix 170, 239 z mode 168

VT100 173 Z19 239

VT102 239 zcommandi command 139

VT220 239 zcommandic command 140

VT52 239 zcommandw command 140

W mode 167 zcommandwc command 140

w command 138 Zenith 263

w mode 167 ZMODEM 26, 47, 85, 126, 127, 139,

wait command 138 151, 156, 168, 195, 228

waitecho 176 ZMODEM AutoDownload 200

warpdrive 96, 243 zmodem command 140

wc command 138 ZMODEM Protocol 18, 134

welcome 213 ZMODEM remote command 141

while command 139 ZONE environment variable 76

wildcard 15, 17, 99, 206 ZRPOS 72, 251

window 183 ~ in !Command 149

window size 71, 156, 195, 197

Windows 243, 270

word count 138

write 138

writing 17

WXMODEM Protocol 54, 125

Wyse 239

Wyse Terminal Emulation 96

Wyse Terminals 78

X mode 167

x mode 167

X.PC 24, 51, 53, 76, 139, 153,

161, 227

Xenix 163, 170, 228

XMODEM 25, 52, 70, 85, 104, 185

XMODEM Protocol 17, 125, 133, 247

XMODEM-1k 51

XMODEM-1k Protocol 17

XMODEM-CRC 52

XMODEM/CRC protocol 17

XOFF 70, 114, 116, 161, 162, 171,

174, 175, 177, 186, 195, 198

XON 70, 114, 162, 171, 174, 186,

195, 198

Search This Blog

Strange Texts

ZCOMM User Manual

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

BOTTOM LIVE script

Fawlty Towers script for "A Touch of Class"

MENSA IQ test with answers