ZCOMM User Manual

 


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        will preserve the Unix file modes and modification times, and bypass

        pathname restrictions imposed by DOS.


        As with rz, Unix Professional-YAM is linked to sz to support the full

        ZMODEM-90(TM) feature set.  Otherwise the separate Unix sz program may

        be obtained as described in the previous subchapter.


        12.6  VMS File Transfers


        Most of the comments made above about Unix file transfers apply to VMS

        as well.


        Automatic uploads to VMS may require setting the zmodem d (delay)

        numeric parameter to allow VMS rz to properly initialize.


        SEE ALSO: zmodem d numeric parameter


        The abovementioned rz and sz sources also compile on the DEC VMS C

        compiler.  Instructions for compiling, linking, and installing the

        programs are contained in the rz.c and sz.c source files.


        The command source vupl.t calls the vupl.t script to upload the files

        needed to compile the programs on VMS.  The script attempts to invoke

        a Kermit server and use Kermit to upload the files.  If no Kermit

        server is found, the script uses the DCL create command to upload the

        files by emulating a paper tape reader.


        Make certain to "install" the VMS sz command to the DCL interpreter.


        12.7  GEnie File Transfers


        The General Electric Consumer Information Service service (GEnie) uses

        ZMODEM-90(TM) for efficient downloads.  GEnie's new ZMODEM server[8]

        selects ZMODEM RLE Compression or MobyTurbo(TM) for optimum download

        speed on each file.


        GEnie uses a large network to provide callers with local access

        numbers.  This requires technical tradeoffs to control data flow in

        the network.  If you are using an MNP modem, download speeds can be

        improved by increasing GEnie's ZMODEM window size.


        EXAMPLE: genie24   speed 4800 249-8365/mnp set adlopts "W16384"



        Startup on Genie ZMODEM AutoDownloads can be speeded up by disabling



        __________


         8. Sz version 4.x




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        Security Verification.


        EXAMPLE:      ena -yZ   :: Disable ZMODEM Security verification to

        save time



        The sx file.exe command is used for XMODEM-CRC uploads to GEnie.  When

        uploading with XMODEM-CRC, Wait for GEnie's "READY FOR INPUT, start

        your XMODEM upload." message, and then wait for the XMODEM-CRC C to

        appear before issuing the sx command.  Issuing the sx command before

        the C appears may corrupt the uploaded file.


        12.8  CompuServe File Transfers


        ZCOMM supports CompuServe Quick-B and the faster Extended Quick-B (B+)

        file transfer protocols.


        As this is being written, these protocols are being revised.  Please

        check the newest.me file for possible changes.


        B+ Protocol is used by the CompuServe Timesharing Service through the

        CompuServe, Tymnet, and Telenet networks.  B+ Protocol file transfers

        are initiated by the CompuServe computer.  The B+ Protocol file

        transfer protocol is well supported by this timesharing service.

        Under typical conditions, the B+ Protocol saves 35 per cent or more in

        file transmission time and connect charges compared to XMODEM protocol

        transfers.


        The c or C mode must be set with ena -c or ena -C to allow the B+

        protocol to seize control and transfer files.


        The adlopts string parameter allows the y and v file transfer options

        to be specified for CIS-B transfers.


        The w numeric parameter controls the block length used by the

        CompuServe B+ Protocol.  A longer length increases throughput, but may

        overload some networks, resulting in excessive retransmissions or

        failed transfers.  With the new Extended Quick-B protocol, the maximum

        block length is 1024 data bytes.  A value of 0 (the default) allows

        the Compuserve computer to control the block length, up to 1024 with

        Extended Quick-B.


        A negative value controls the upload block length but still allows

        Compuserve to control the download block length (1024 with Extended

        Quick B).


        Uploads to Compuserve using longer block lengths are especially

        sensitive to poor flow control, especially when error correcting

        modems (MNP, etc.) are used.  If B protocol uploads fail or require

        excessive retransmissions, correct the flow control arrangements,

        disable the modem's error correction, or try a smaller upload block



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        size.


        The data contents of successfully transferred file(s) are not affected

        by this parameter.


        Some networks may garble data when Quick-B's streaming causes ZCOMM to

        respond to incoming data concurrently with incoming data.  The o

        numeric parameter can be set to 0 to disable streaming (send-ahead).


        It is essential to use the same interface speed to the modem as the

        modem's transmission rate when uploading files with B+ protocol.  If

        the modem buffers any characters, ZCOMM's response to CompuServe's

        flow control will be too slow to prevent loss of data.


        The CompuServe B+ Protocol controls all file transfer operations

        (except permission to overwrite files) from the timesharing system.


        Waiting for long files to download can be boring.  You can start the

        transfer and walk away from the computer, but CompuServe will stay

        connected for 15 minute$ after the transfer is finished if you don't

        come back when the download finishes.  This expense can be avoided by

        typing ALT-Q once the protocol transfer has started.  ALT-Q tells

        ZCOMM to disconnect as soon as the protocol transfer is completed,

        stopping the connect charges.  An alternative method is to control the

        transfers with a script, using either ejryam or the less sophisticated

        cissig and dow.t scripts included with the software distribution.


        When "browsing" through CompuServe's software "downloading section"

        libraries, the kcisdl.t script file and ZCOMM allow you to download a

        file with a single keystroke: F3.  Installation instructions are

        provided in that file.



        12.9  BIX File Transfers


        BIX (Byte Information Exchange) supports ZMODEM, and Kermit file

        transfers.


        The Tymnet phone number in the bix telephone directory entry should be

        changed for your calling area.  Other scripts are provided to handle

        BIX mail and conferences.


        When setting up a new BIX account, give the command call bix,new to

        force a login to the BIX new account program.


        Be sure to select ZMODEM downloads and Kermit (sliding windows)

        uploads with the "OPTIONS" menu choice.  BIX's transfer time

        predictions are about 40 per cent too pessimistic for ZMODEM

        transfers.


        A number of BIX scripts are included in SCRIPTS.ZOO.



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        12.10  User Exit Processing


        The onclosetx and oncloserx string parameters provide a facility to

        perform user defined file related functions ("user exits") immediately

        after each file is closed, while the protocol is still active.  Wild

        card filename expansionss are not allowed in this context.


        The oncloserx string parameter may be used to perform user commands or

        call a script once for each file received with a file transfer

        protocol.


        EXAMPLE: set oncloserx @crc %rname; obey "!%mv %rname /tmp"

        When each file is received, the crc command calculates and displays a

        CRC for the file.


        Then the !% command calls the mv program to move the file just

        received to the /tmp directory.  The "%" in the "!%" command causes

        the rest of the command string to be processed for string

        substitutions.



        The onclosetx string parameter may be used to perform user commands or

        call a script once for each file sent with a file transfer protocol.

        Wild card file name expansions may not be used in onclosetx.


        EXAMPLE: The following causes each successfully sent file to be moved

        to the /done directory.

             set onclosetx

        @if !d? obey "!%mv %rname /done"



        SEE ALSO: rname, tname, drive, pwd string parameters, ?, d?  test

        conditions


        User exits will cause protocol timeouts if their execution takes too

        long.  Since both Zcomm and the remote machine are still executing

        file transfer protocols when user exits are called, user exits can not

        use the serial port.
















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        13.  MESSAGE TRANSFERS


        13.1  Downloading Messages


        ZCOMM is flexible capturing output from other systems.  The trick is

        to make the remote send the information without too much

        embellishment.


        When downloading files without a file transfer protocol, set the

        timesharing system to send tabs as tab characters without expanding

        them to spaces.  Turn off fill characters.  These extra characters

        waste time and money and ZCOMM doesn't need them.  ZCOMM's s and S

        modes can be used to strip control characters and escape sequences

        from the capture download.


        EXAMPLE: t -s file



        If the remote system responds to XOFF and XON, E mode may be enabled

        to allow Error Containment(TM) to reduce the number of characters

        garbled by "line hits".


        EXAMPLE: t -E7e file1 uses Error Containment to download file1 from a

        system using 7 bits even parity.  Error Containment works best when

        even or odd parity is available.



        SEE ALSO: E, j, S, s modes


        13.1.1  XON/XOFF  Files of arbitrary length may be transferred if the

        remote supports flow control with the ASCII XOFF and XON control

        characters.  Output from most timesharing services may be captured to

        a file using this method.


        To download a file with XON/XOFF flow control: t file1



        13.1.2  DC2/DC4 (^R/^T)  Some bulletin boards support file downloads

        by issuing a DC2 to open a capture buffer, sending the file, and

        terminating the capture with DC4.  ZCOMM does not support this

        "protocol" directly.  The review t and b commands can be used to strip

        excess characters from the circular buffer before writing the file to

        disk.


        This "protocol" can be implemented with Turbodial(TM) script commands:


        EXAMPLE: pat 1c "\022" "@kill; create capture.fil"

             pat 2c "\024" "close"






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        13.1.3  Data Dump  Sometimes no flow control is available.  The fget *

        command allows ZCOMM to accept a continuous stream of data at a

        maximum data rate determined by the hardware and software environment.

        With a hard disk, excellent results have been obtained with a 4.77 mHz

        PC accepting graphics dumps at 9600 bps.


        EXAMPLE: fget file1



        At slower speeds or with a fast computer, the term function j mode*

        may be used for nonstop file capture.


        EXAMPLE: t -j file1



        The fget command does not provide a progress display.  While this

        allows the fastest possible data capture (38400 bps on a suitable

        computer), sometimes there is no handy way to monitor the flow of

        data.


        The term function I (super-image) mode may be used to capture a binary

        file, provided CRT emulation is disabled with a display dumb command

        or by enabling v mode.


        EXAMPLE: display dumb; t -Ij file1


        The fax directory entry in PHONES2.T gives another example of how

        ZCOMM's data capture modes may be used to capture binary data.


        13.2  Uploading Messages


        It is often possible to upload files using the f command with one or

        more modes (such as w or p, possibly in combination with t).


        Message uploads are more reliable if you keyboard enab flow before

        connecting through Telenet.  If using Tymnet, type ^R^X just before

        the host computer name to enable flow control with XOFF and XON.

        Check with your network's documentation for further details or updates

        to this information.


        It often helps to use "half duplex" ( h mode) with the computer echo

        disabled when uploading files to the computer.  This saves the

        computer from wasting precious time echoing characters.


        Another tactic is to avoid uncorrected message transfers during peak

        hours.  Telephone usage peaks during midday with a resulting increase

        in noise induced line hits.  Timesharing computers and communications

        networks are more likely to drop characters due to buffer overloading

        during high traffic periods as well.





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        13.2.1  Paced  Some systems accept characters only at a certain rate,

        a slow speed for each character and possibly a pause at the end of

        each line.  Depending on the particular system, data transfer may have

        to pause briefly at the end of the line,[1] or wait for a particular

        character to signify readiness to accept the next line.  There may be

        an additional delay after that[2] before the remote is able to accept

        more data.


        EXAMPLE: f -p file1 uploads file1 with a wait for the linefeed echo at

        the end of each transmitted line.



        EXAMPLE: pg63; f -p file1 Sets the prompt character to decimal 63

        ("?") and sends the file with a wait for "?" after each transmitted

        line.


        As with the fpute command, the remote system must be commanded to open

        and close the file.


        13.2.2  Throttle  Another method of slowing message uploads is the

        throttle, activated by t mode.  Throttle artificially slows Zcomm's

        character transmission to allow more time for the receiving system to

        digest each character. The speed of transmission with t mode is

        controlled by the t numeric parameter.


        EXAMPLE: f -t secret.msg


        Really slow systems may require both throttle and pacing to send data

        efficiently without loss.


        EXAMPLE: f -tp turkey.slo



        13.2.3  Uploading to IBM Mainframes  Text files can be uploaded to IBM

        mainframes using the P (upper case) mode.  When the P mode is

        activated, ZCOMM will wait for an XON (^Q) after sending each line.

        In this special mode, ZCOMM will not time out waiting for the XON, no

        matter how long it takes for the IBM front end to send it.  If, for

        some reason, the front end fails to send the XON, (or if it is garbled

        in transmission), Ctrl-Q may be keyboarded.


        EXAMPLE: f -P file1




        __________


         1. Controlled by the p numeric parameter


         2. Controlled by the q numeric parameter




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        SEE ALSO: P mode, Kermit protocol


        13.2.4  Uploading Messages to Bulletin Boards  The greatest file

        transfer challenge is to upload a file to a bulletin board message

        system running on a tiny microcomputer.  Bulletin board message

        systems have a rich variety of operating sequences and timing

        dependencies matched only by the proliferation of incompatible

        dialects of Basic and Pascal.


        Message upload from files to bulletin boards reduces connect time and

        $welling of the Phone Bill.  Unattended message transfer saves the

        user's time, especially if the board is difficult to access.


        The t, p and w modes and the g, p, t, and q numeric parameters allow

        disk files to be uploaded to such systems.


        The basic program cbbsck.bas may be used (perhaps with modifications)

        to check that a message file does not violate the restrictions of the

        message system being uploaded to.  A C version is also available.


        EXAMPLE: f -pt file1



        13.2.5  Uploading to CompuServe SIGS  A file may be uploaded to a

        CompuServe SIG (Special Interest Group) editor with p mode and the g

        numeric parameter set to colon.  When the file has been transferred,

        hit ENTER to send a blank line to terminate message entry.


        EXAMPLE: set eolstr "\r."; pp1000; pg58; f -p FILE Is useful for

        uploading a prepared message to Compuserve's bulletin boards.  This

        setting for eolstr inserts a carriage return and period after each

        line to prevent the CompuServe software from reformatting the message.



        EXAMPLE: pp1000, pg58, and f -p FILE transmits FILE waiting for the

        prompt character ":" before sending each line after the first.



        An alternative is to set the SIG "FIL" option, which calls the EDIT

        editor.  The cisupl script file referenced by phones2.t uses the SIG

        "FIL" editor option.


        Compuserve nodes often drop characters when files are uploaded at full

        speed in full duplex.  This can be avoided by using h mode (local

        echo) and turning off Compuserve's echo.









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        13.3  Fpute: Echoplex Uploads


        Text files can often be uploaded reasonably efficiently using the

        fpute command.* Fpute waits for an echo to each character sent to the

        remote.  Fpute provides modest throughput without loss of data for

        systems with terminal ports designed for keyboard data entry.  The

        maximum speed with fpute is limited to about 1/3 the normal character

        rate by echo delays.  There is no error correction with fpute, but

        character by character handshaking prevents lost data caused by buffer

        overflow.  If possible, TABS should be set to echo as TAB characters

        and not as spaces.  Before the fpute command is given, the remote

        system must be instructed to enter data from the "terminal" to a file.

        After the file has been sent, the remote system must be instructed to

        close the file.


        EXAMPLE: fpute file1






































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        14.  FLOW CONTROL


        All of us must sometimes tell people to "slow down" lest they overload

        us with information faster than we can write it down.  "Wait!" is a

        Flow Control Signal for the English language.


        When buffered modems, timesharing systems, networks, or computers of

        differing speeds are involved, a machine readable "Wait!" signal is

        required.


        Flow control is sometimes necessary to display long messages without

        skipping over the good parts.  If you see pieces of text missing from

        messages but don't see the usual funny characters caused by line

        noise, ypu have a flow control problem.


        File transfers that use long blocks or streaming protocols may not

        work well unless slower parts of the system regulate the speed of

        transmission to prevent loss of data.  With ZMODEM, SuperKermit, and

        other streaming protocols, inexplicable retransmissions of data

        blocks, often at regular intervals, indicate flow control failure.


        If you wish to keep things simple, the sending computer should not

        operate at a higher interface speed than the slowest link in the

        network.  Otherwise precautions must be taken to prevent data loss

        with interactive operations and unnecessary retransmissions with

        streaming file transfer protcols.


        ZCOMM, ZCOMM, and DSZ default to software flow control with XON and

        XOFF characters.[1] When used with modems that require hardware flow

        control, the handshake command (q.v.) should be used to specify which

        hardware lines are to be used for flow control.


        Non transparent software flow control is incompatible with Emacs

        editors, XMODEM and YMODEM transfers.  XMODEM and YMODEM require

        complete transparency to all 256 8 bit codes.  An XMODEM transfer that

        always fails at the same block results from non transparent flow

        control.  When XMODEM-1k and YMODEM-1k are used, the network must

        assert flow control, or handle bursts of 1040 characters without data

        loss.  When X.25 or hardware CTS is unavailable, flow control that

        does not "eat" any characters may be used with XMODEM and YMODEM.

        When buffers fill up, an XOFF should be emitted.  An XON should be

        sent when the buffer has emptied.  Otherwise, the network should

        neither generate nor eat XON or XOFF characters.



        __________


         1. The PCDOS flavor enables "handshake both" when selecting a port

            with an active Clear To Send (CTS) signal that was previously

            initialized to a speed greater than 2400 bps




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        On Telenet, this is obtained by setting CCIT X3 5:1 and 12:1 in the

        PADs (Packet Assembler Dissassembler) at both ends of the network.

        Packets should be forwarded when the packet is a full 128 bytes, or

        after a moderate delay (3:0,4:10).  Set parameter 5 to 1 at both ends

        AFTER one is connected to the remote modem.  (Sorry, these commands

        must be given each time you connect to a modem in the far city!)

             <ENTER>@<ENTER>

             set 5:1<ENTER>

             rst? 5:1<ENTER>

             cont<ENTER>

        ZMODEM and Kermit protect all 4 XOFF and XON characters, commonly used

        network control characters and trigger strings.  ZMODEM and Kermit are

        compatible with many networks that do not support XMODEM family

        protocols, including some that claim network compatibility.  For PADs

        that do not accept "rst?", use:

             <ENTER>@<ENTER>

             set 4:2,5:1,12:1<ENTER>

             cont<ENTER>

        For best Telenet download throughput, parameter 64 (advance ACK)

        should be set to 7.  The parameter 0 is a dummy argument that

        distinguishes Telenet parameters from CCIT parameters.

             <ENTER>@<ENTER>

             set 0:0,64:7<ENTER>

             cont<ENTER>

        Sometimes Telenet flow control stops data transmission when the

        network buffers are not yet full.  If you often see "STOPPED" flashing

        in the status line (DOS versions), or if you see the modem send data

        light pause in a ZMODEM or SuperKermit file send, poor flow control

        may be the culprit.  Such slowdowns are typical when a network is

        overloaded.  If this condition persists, the network should take steps

        to reduce the congestion.  Turning OFF network flow control and

        activating ZMODEM's or SuperKermit's protocol flow control may

        increase throughput under these conditions.


        Instead of or in addition to XON/XOFF flow control, the sending

        program's ZMODEM w numeric parameter can restrict the window size to a

        value that does not overload the network.  A zmodem pw2048 command

        restricts the window size (maximum number of bytes in transit) to

        2048.  This causes the sz command to trigger the receiver's

        acknowledgement every 512 bytes (one fourth the value of the ZMODEM w

        numeric parameter).  The sender monitors these responses and suspends

        transmission when necessary to restrict the window to the specified

        size.  Until a network dependent lower limit is reached, lower window

        sizes improve the speed of error recovery at the expense of slight

        increases in protocol overhead.  When the window size becomes less

        than the number of characters sent within the network's transit time,

        throughput falls off rapidly.  Frequent protocol acknowledgements slow

        down high speed psuedo full duplex modems (US Robotics HST, Telebit

        TrailBlazer) and should be avoided.


        ZMODEM-90(TM) allows the receiver to specify the window size with the



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        -Wn option where n is the desired window size.


        EXAMPLE: set adlopts W8192 requests an 8193 byte window size.



        Some modems and networks can be configured to flush (discard the

        contents of) their buffers when a break signal is received.  If this

        is possible, error recovery with ZMODEM transfers may be speeded up by

        setting the ZMODEM b parameter to 1, which sends a break whenever the

        ZMODEM sending program gets a retransmission request.

                     Network and Flow Control (FC) Compatibility


        ______________________________________________________________________

        |    Network     | Interactive | XMODEM | WXMODEM | S-KERMIT | ZMODEM |

        |________________|_____________|________|_________|__________|________|

        |No Network      | YES         | YES    | YES     | YES      | YES    |

        |8 bit, no FC    | NO          | YES    | YES     | YES(1)   | YES(1) |

        |Transparent FC  | YES         | YES    | YES     | YES      | YES    |

        |Non Transparent | YES         | NO     | NO      | YES      | YES    |

        |7 bit           | YES         | NO     | NO      | YES      | NO     |

        |________________|_____________|________|_________|__________|________|


        (1) Window size must be restricted to avoid buffer overrun if the

        network cannot transfer data at full speed.


        14.1  Got ZRPOS Errors


        Got ZRPOS indicates the receiving program has detected a transmission

        error and has requested retransmission.  In other words, ZMODEM is

        doing its job of detecting and correcting missing and garbled data.


        If this happens more often than observed line errors would indicate is

        reasonable, the receiver's error messages must be studied.  Line

        Status Register errors generally indicate a local problem; if the

        receiver gives "Line Status Register 02" errors the problem lies with

        the receiver.


        Otherwise, the sender may have a flow control problem in one of four

        areas:


          + Between the sending program and its modem.  If using an interface

            speed higher than the transmission speed, or modem to modem error

            correction (MNP, LAPB, PEP, etc.), check that the modem and the

            sending program are configured for the same flow control methods.

            Omen Technology's software is faster than most other programs, and

            may expose flow control problems not seen with slower software.


          + Between the sending modem and the network.  Correcting this

            requires "handshake both" to allow the sending program to honor

            both hardware (CTS) flow control from the modem and software flow

            control (XON/XOFF) from the network.



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          + Between parts of the network.


          + Between the receiving modem and the receiving program.  This can

            happen at high transmission speeds when the receiver has specified

            a large I/O buffer size with the B numeric parameter.


            Excessive interrupt latency from extended memory ramdisks or disk

            caches, and poorly written hard disk drivers also wreak havoc on

            streaming protocols but do not affect start-stop protocols

            (XMODEM, etc.).  Problems with extended memory disk caches may

            cause errors at regular intervals; check the receiver's error

            messages.


            To work around these problems, give the "handshake slow" command

            to the receiver.







































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        15.  RUNNING ZCOMM


        Before running ZCOMM, the keyboard Caps Lock should be turned off.

        ZCOMM commands and most arguments must be entered in lower case.



        15.1  Running ZCOMM from DOS


        ZCOMM is called from DOS as ZCOMM [A] [DPORT=n] [command ...]


        The following special commands may be given from the command line

        only.


        A       PcAnywhere host mode must be disabled to allow another program

                to access the serial port in order to prevent port contention

                and lockup.  The A command may be given to disable pcAnywhere

                host mode for the duration of the program.  The A command is

                only recognized when it is the first command on the command

                line.


                EXAMPLE: ZCOMM A DPORT=2 remote



        COMSPEC ZCOMM uses the DOS COMSPEC environment variable to load

                COMMAND.COM or similar program to parse and execute DOS

                gateways (shell escapes).


        DPORT=n is an optional override to the default comm port.  If another

                program is using the default comm port, ZCOMM may be told to

                use another port to prevent interference.


                SEE ALSO: DPORT environment variable


        Command may be any desired combination of ZCOMM commands.  Command

        line arguments to ZCOMM must be in lower case excpet as noted.


        EXAMPLE: C>ZCOMM call cissig invokes ZCOMM and executes the commands

        in the "cissig" telephone directory entry.



        EXAMPLE: C>ZCOMM DPORT=2 call othersys

        Selects COM2 before initializing the serial port




        15.1.1  DOS Environment Variables  ZCOMM searches the DOS Environment

        for the following variables:


        CBSIZE overrides the default allocation for the circular buffer.** If

              memory is limited, the DOS command SET CBSIZE=3000 will leave

              more memory for DOS Gateway or other programs.  On medium model



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              DOS flavors, CBSIZE may be set as high as 65500.


        DIRRX, DIRSX, DIRCX, DIRPX, DIRFX Contain optional receive (DIRRX),

              send (DIRSX), capture (DIRCX), paste (DIRPX), and file (DIRFX)

              directory presets.  When ZCOMM starts, these environment

              variables preset the dirrx, dirsx, dircx, dirpx and dirfx string

              variables respectively.


        DIRSIZE controls the number of directory items that may be sorted with

              each wildcard.  It should be set to 23 * times the desired

              number of entries (default = 200).  If more directory entries

              are encountered, they are processed without sorting.


              EXAMPLE: C>set DIRSIZE=8000



        DPORT overrides the default modem port (COM1) initially accessed by

              ZCOMM.


              EXAMPLE: C>set DPORT=2


              The DPORT environment variable can also be specified as a hex

              port address,vector number pair.


              EXAMPLE: C>set DPORT=2f8,5



              SEE ALSO: portx command


        EGA   Stting this to MONO causes ZCOMM to use video mode 7 for 80x25

              column text instead of the default video mode 3.  This is needed

              when using some EGA cards with an Monochrome MDA compatialbe

              monitor.


              EXAMPLE: C>set EGA=MONO



        HOTPORT Suppresses the "Warning: Old dport=" message (q.v.) seen when

              Zcomm is called from certain operating systems or programs.


              EXAMPLE: C>set HOTPORT=1



              SEE ALSO: port, portx commands


        MODEM Describes the type of modem used by the mm224 script.  See

              Chapter 7 for details.


              EXAMPLE: C>set MODEM=MM224E





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        PATH  must include the directories containing ZCOMM and the help

              processor YHP.


        PHONES overrides the default pathname used to fetch ZCOMM's telephone

              directory.  Forward slashes should be used to indicate

              directories.


              EXAMPLE: C>set PHONES=c:/PHODIR.t



        YAMQUIET Inhibits the display and locks the keyboard, preventing ZCOMM

              from writing on the screen. * This is useful when calling ZCOMM

              from another program.


              EXAMPLE: C>set YAMQUIET=257 Performs the equivalent of an

              initial kbdlock 257 command.



              SEE ALSO: kbdlock command


        ZONE  sets the z numeric parameter to the number of minutes the

              current local time lags GMT time.


              EXAMPLE: C>set ZONE=420



              SEE ALSO: z numeric parameter


        Before running the X.PC* version of Pro-YAM, you must run the Tymnet

        X.PC driver to make it resident by calling the driver from DOS.  The

        driver announces itself and returns control to DOS.  The Tymnet X.PC

        driver uses approximately 40kb memory.


        EXAMPLE: xpcmain




        15.1.2  Help Program Environment Variables  The flash-up help

        processor program YHP examines the environmnet for the NORMATTR,

        REVATTR, and UNDLATTR variables.  These set help screen parameters for

        normal, reverse video, and underline attributes corresponding to the

        n,r, and u numeric paramters.


        EXAMPLE: C>set NORMATTR=3










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        15.2  Dialing out from Unix


        ZCOMM is called from Unix as [DPORT=S] yam [command ...]

        DPORT=S is an optional override to the initial default serial line.


        If another program is using the line, ZCOMM complains that the port is

        busy and will refuse to open it.


        Command may be any desired combination of ZCOMM commands.


        EXAMPLE: yam call cissig invokes ZCOMM and executes the commands in

        the "cissig" telephone directory entry.



        EXAMPLE: DPORT=tty77 ZCOMM call othersys

        Selects /dev/tty77 before executing the othersys telephone directory

        entry.



        If ZCOMM is run in the background, it will exit if it reached the main

        command prompt.


        EXAMPLE: yam call cissig&



        As a form of shorthand, ZCOMM may be invoked as call if that is the

        command to be executed.


        EXAMPLE: call cissig




        15.2.1  X Windows  When run under the X Windows xterm(1) interface

        program (indicated by the Unix TERM environment variable), ZCOMM

        understands xterm's keyboard mappings for function and ALT keys.



        15.2.2  UNIX/XENIX Environment Variables  Unix/Xenix ZCOMM flavors

        search the Environment for the following variables:


        CBSIZE overrides the default allocation for the circular buffer.  On

              32 bit systems, the maximum CBSIZE is limited only by the

              operating system's process size limit.


              EXAMPLE: CBSIZE=300000; export CBSIZE



        DIRRX, DIRSX, DIRCX, DIRPX, DIRFX Perform the same function as

              described for the DOS flavor above.  (Since Unix does not use

              colon (:) as a device specifier, Unix flavors do not treat

              colon(s) in pathnames in any special way.)



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        DPORT overrides the default modem port initially accessed by ZCOMM.


              EXAMPLE: DPORT=tty12; export DPORT



        HZ    Indicates the number of kernel "clock ticks" per second.  This

              calibrates terminal function timeouts, protocol timeouts, and

              the sleep command.  The HZ environment variable must be set if

              the value used by your system is not 50 clock ticks per second.


        MODEM Describes the type of modem used by the mm224 script.  See

              Chapter 7 for details.


              EXAMPLE: MODEM=MM224E; export MODEM



        PAGER points to a pager program suitable for viewing files a

              screenfull at a time, such as pg(1), more(1) or less(1).


        PATH  must include the directories containing yam and the help

              processor yhp.


        PHONES overrides the default pathname used to fetch ZCOMM's telephone

              directory.


              EXAMPLE: PHONES=/usr/lib/local/localphone.t; export PHONES



        SHELL ZCOMM uses this environment variable to select the appropriate

              program for its shell escapes.


        TERM  If the TERM environment variable contains xterm, xterms or

              anything else beginning with xterm, ZCOMM assumes it is

              operating as a subprocess to the Xwindows xterm(1) program,

              enabling a term function status line.  The LINES and COLUMNS

              environment variables preset the # and $ numeric parameters

              respectively.  This assumption may be overidden by setting the X

              numeric parameter.


              If the TERM environment parameter contains the string 401

              indicating emulation of a Tektronix 4010 series storage tube

              terminal, status line updates are inhibited when Tek graphics is

              active.


              If the TERM environment parameter cegins with "wy" (as in

              "wy60") ZCOMM will use and recognize Wyse escape sequences.


        UUCPLOCK If UUCPLOCK contains "/usr/spool/locks/LCK.." ZCOMM uses

              "Honey Danber" uucp port arbitration conventions.





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        15.3  Dialing in to Unix


        Unix flavors may be used for dial-in applications to transfer files

        and commands with programs logged in to terminal ports.  The commands

        rz, sz, zcommand, and zcommandi perform the same functions as the

        corresponding ZCOMM commands.  They may be given directly to the shell

        or executed from a shell script or Makefile.


        EXAMPLE: sz -Yn *.c *.h



        The Makefile fragment below commands a DOS ZCOMM logged into a serial

        port to clear its dirrx string parameter, change to its root

        directory, and then sends a new version of the executable to the DOS

        machine.


        EXAMPLE: cpsz:/tmp/yam.exe

                        @zcommand 'set dirrx ""'

                        @zcommand "c:;cd /"

                        @sz -y /tmp/yam.exe



        More general command sequences or other protocols such as Kermit may

        be accessed with the xyam command.


        EXAMPLE: xyam kermit sb *.c *.h



        EXAMPLE: xyam z pl256 sz -Yn *.c *.h




        16.  OUTLINE OF COMMANDS




        16.1  Setup


        port 1 ..........................Select the modem port

        portx hbase,vec .................Select non standard modem

        speed 1200 ......................Set the "baud rate"

        handshake {on|off|cts|dsr|dcd|both|slow}Hardware flow control



        16.2  Data Call


        queue............................Manipulate a dialing queue

        call [-N] system ................[N retries]

        234-5678 ........................Dial a local number

        234-5678/mnp ....................Dial a local number with MNP

        %l-503-621-3746 .................Dial long distance



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        learn lfile .....................TurboLearn information to lfile

        xpc C ... .......................Enable and control virtual channels

        with X.PC

        bye .............................Disconnect current call

        off .............................Disconnect and exit

        String parameters: phones, mcommand, mprefix, msuffix, mconnect



        16.3  Interactive Operation


        F2, t [-modes] ..................Begin terminal conversation

        learn lfile .....................TurboLearn information to lfile

        conf ............................Online conference with edit window

        F8 ..............................Generate a password

        enable -modes ...................Modify term function characteristics

        set .............................Assigns a string or command to a

        function key

        String parameters break, bs, esc, etx, xpassword, entstr, lpnono



        16.4  Message Transfer Commands


                             Normal Interactive Transfers

        f [-modes] file .................Send file with the term function

        t [-modes] file .................Terminal conversation with capture to

        file

        kill ............................Erase the contents of the circular

        buffer

        w, ALT-W ........................Write the circular buffer

        close, ALT-C ....................Close the capture file

        Term Function Modes .............(capture/send modifiers)

        String parameters: eolstr, blankfill

                                Special File Transfers

        fput ............................High Speed file dump to modem

        fpute ...........................Send file with Echoplex check

        fget ............................High speed modem to disk data dump


















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        16.5  Protocol File Transfer Commands


        F3, rb [-options] [dir] [file ...] Receive files with YMODEM or Clink

        rz [-options] [dir] [file ...] ..Receive files with ZMODEM

        kermit rb [-options] ............Receive files with Kermit

        rx [-options] rxfile ............Receive a file with XMODEM

        rt [-options] [dir] [file ...] ..Receive files with Telink/FIDO

        r7 [-options] [dir] [file ...] ..Receive files with MODEM7

        ro [-options] rxfile ............Receive a file with XMODEM

        OverThruster

        rw [-options] rxfile ............Receive a file with WXMODEM

        rc [-options] rxfile ............Receive a file with XMODEM/CRC

        sz [-options] txfile ... ........Send file(s) with ZMODEM

        sb [-options] txfile ... ........Send file(s) with YMODEM or Clink

        sx [-options] txfile ............Send a file with XMODEM or XMODEM/CRC

        st [-options] txfile ... ........Send file(s) with Telink/FIDO

        s7 [-options] txfile ... ........Send file(s) with MODEM7

        zcommand COMMAND ................Remote COMMAND with ZMODEM

        !!COMMAND........................Remote COMMAND with Kermit or ZMODEM

        kermit sb [-options] txfile ... .Send file(s) with Kermit

        Kermit Server Access Commands

        AUTOMATIC File Transfers.........(Compuserve-B, Kermit, ZMODEM)

        String parameters adlopts

        Options for Protocol File Transfers

        Numeric Parameters for XMODEM/YMODEM/ZMODEM Transfers

        Special Keys for Protocol Transfers


        16.6  Macro Commands


        call system .....................Execute telephone directory entry

        r [oldcmd] ......................Reenter previous command

        Up, Down ........................Select previous commands for reentry

        source scriptfile ...............Call subroutine

        set .............................Assign a string or command to a

        function key

        keys ............................Display soft key definitions

        reskeys .........................Clear soft key definitions

        SOFT KEYS .......................Transmit strings or execute commands.



        16.7  Display Commands / Terminal Emulation


        display displaymodes ............Set CRT parameters, screen emulation

        cl, cls .........................Clear the Screen

        mk...............................Map keys for terminal emulation

        videobios N .....................Set video BIOS mode N (for 132 cols)








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        16.8  Disk/File Access Commands


        a: ..............................Change default disk

        ap file1 file2 ..................Append file1 to file2

        apd file1 file2 .................Append file1 to file2, delete file1

        cd directory ....................Change directory

        cdd D:dir .......................Change disk and directory

        dir[rlstx] ......................Sorted directory listings

        !DOS-command ....................DOS Gateway to another program

        browse file .....................Browse a set of files

        crc file ... ....................Display 32 bit file CRC's

        del file ........................Delete files from disk

        dump file ... ...................Side by Side HEX/ASCII file dump

        egrep regular-expression file ... Pattern matching file searching

        egrepq regular-expression file ... String extraction

        find string file ... ............Case insensitive file searching

        findq string file ... ...........String extraction

        list file ... ...................File list on DOS standard output

        page file ... ...................Pauses after each screenful

        read file .......................Fill circular buffer from open file

        seek [-]offset ..................Seek to location in file

        Home, End, PgUp .................Enter review function

        sum file ... ....................Display Unix style file checksum

        usq file ... ....................Unequeeze, [decrypt] files

        wc file ... .....................File character, word, line count

        <file ...........................Simulate keyboard input from file

        >outfile ........................Redirect utility command output



        16.9  Remote Takeover / Control


        host ............................Enter Host Operation

        link ............................Connect to another computer

        message .........................Leave a public message

        private .........................Leave a private message

        remote ..........................Accept remote commands

        unrestrict.......................Allow caller unrestricted access



        16.10  Support Commands


        bdump file ......................Dump interrupt input buffer to file

        display displaymodes ............List or change CRT operation

        enable -mode[s]..................Modify term function operation

        exit ............................Exit to DOS

        help ............................Activate help database

        kbdlock on|off ..................Lock/Unlock keyboard

        kbdmon [file] ...................Monitor keystrokes in file

        p ...............................Set/display numeric parameters

        reset............................Reset display and disk system

        set .............................Set string parameters / soft keys



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        16.11  Record Keeping Commands


        nolog ...........................Inhibit next log entry

        timestamp .......................Display/write time and other info

        restime .........................Reset elapsed time counter to 0

        String parameters: calllog, txlog, rxlog, plog, rxcnt



        16.12  Script Commands


        abort ...........................Returns to command prompt

        accept ..........................Read keyboard response to string

        variable

        bg...............................Indicate background operation

        createx file ....................Exclusive file creation (for

        semaphores)

        echo ............................Display message

        fg...............................Indicate foreground operation

        kill [-signum] procnum ..........Interprocess communications

        lput string .....................Local screen write

        lputp string ....................Output string to printer

        expand script pathspec ..........Execute script for each file in

        pathspec

        fail ............................Failure return from script

        gosub name[.file] ...............Script subroutine call

        goto ............................Branch to label in same script.

        grab svar .......................Read line from file to string

        variable

        if, else.........................Execute rest of line conditionally

        kbdlock on|off ..................Lock/Unlock keyboard

        ki ..............................Reset capture buffer search area

        on ..............................Conditional execution, tested after

        each command

        pattern .........................Specify string searches in modem data

        purge{k|l} ......................Purge typeahead or modem input buffer

        put[v] ..........................Send string [variable] to modem

        return...........................Return to previous script level

        set[c|s] ........................Set string parameters / soft keys

        setn ............................Set string param to Arithmetic

        expression

        set? ............................Set string param to test value

        sleep ...........................Let the world pass by

        source scriptfile ...............Call scriptfile as a subroutine

        split ...........................Split (parse) a string to tokens

        ss ..............................Regular Expression pattern match

        string parse

        trs .............................Translate characters in a string

        wait ............................Wait for pattern(s) in modem data

        while ...........................Looping control





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        17.  SPECIAL KEYS


        Ctrl-Break clears any typeahead, unlocks the keyboard, and stops

        whatever function[1] ZCOMM is doing in a reasonably orderly manner.[2]

        Ctrl-Break cancels kbdlock.  It is not so abrupt as the NUKE key.  The

        B test condition tests whether Ctrl-Break has been struck since the

        last purgek command.


        Keyboarding ALT-N will NUKE (abort) the current command and return to

        ZCOMM's command prompt.[3] If one or more scripts are active, the

        current line number (counting from the first line in the script file)

        for each level of script is displayed.* NUKE will terminate any

        script.  NUKE closes any transmit file, but not a receive capture

        file.  (A receive capture file may be closed with the "close"

        command.) NUKE does not disconnect the modem by dropping DTR.[4]


        Keyboarding ALT-Z appends the contents of the display screen to a DOS

        file.  The pathname is contained in the string parameter picture which

        may be changed with the set command.  The exact contents of the screen

        memory are written to the file, with each screen character followed by

        its attribute.  A separate program, unpic is used to convert the

        screen dump to a normal file that may be printed or displayed.



        17.1  Special Keys during Protocol Transfers


        Certain keys perform special functions when keyboarded during protocol

        file transfers (XMODEM, Kermit, etc.).


        F1  Keyboarding F1 causes a protocol timeout and forces a retry.


        ALT-A Displays Kermit file transfer status.


        ALT-B Cancels the current Kermit or ZMODEM batch transfer.





        __________


         1. Not necessarily the calling function or script


         2. In the term function, Ctrl-Break sends a break to the remote

            unless it has been redefined with a set command.


         3. Use of this term, popularized in the J.F.K. administration, does

            not imply endorsement of preemptive nuclear attacks on innocent

            populations.


         4. When in host operation waiting for a call, NUKE drops DTR.




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        ALT-C Cancels the ZMODEM or Kermit session.


        ALT-F Skips the current ZMODEM or Kermit file transfer.


        ALT-Q Keyboarding Alt-Q during a protocol file transfer toggles a flag

            that causes ZCOMM to disconnect when the transfer is completed.

            This is most useful when downloading a long file.  As soon as the

            file is transferred, ZCOMM will execute the string parameter

            quitcmd (if set) and then disconnect the modem.  If keyboarded

            during a Host Operation file transfer, ZCOMM will exit Host

            Operation at the conclusion of the transfer.  The state of the

            quit flag is displayed each time ALT-Q is keyboarded.


        ALT-S Keyboarding Alt-S displays status information on the console

            screen only (even if in Host Operation).  The pattern number of

            the last successful search (-1 if no match), the active search

            patterns (if any), and the line numbers of the active scripts (if

            any) are displayed to aid script debugging.


        ALT-V Keyboarding ALT-V will toggle the view option affecting the rb,

            rc, rz, sb, sc, sx, and sz commands, and data transfers using the

            Compuserve B protocol.


        ASCII Keyboarding a normal ASCII character (in the range of 00 to 7F)

            will send that character to the modem.  This may be used for

            protocol testing, or to terminate a modem's autodial handshake

            without terminating ZCOMM's call retry count.


        Ctrl-X All ZMODEM and many YMODEM and XMODEM protocol programs

            recognize a dozen successive Ctrl-X characters as a session abort

            command.  If the remote computer appears to be "stuck" in a YMODEM

            or ZMODEM transfer, keyboard ten Ctrl-X characters to abort the

            protocol transfer.


        During a protocol transfer, normal keys are sent to the modem when

        Zcomm is waiting for or receiving a packet.  This may be used to

        reissue a file transfer command to the other computer if it becomes

        apparent the original command was not accepted.


        Other uses for this pass thru capability include protocol testing.


        17.2  Local Editing Keys


        Emacs style character editing reduces the number of keystrokes needed

        to enter and edit commands and strings.  Normally the cursor is at the

        end of the line of text being keyboarded.  Printing characters insert

        themselves at the cursor location.  The <ENTER> key enters/transmits

        the entire line of text.






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        Left, Ctrl-B moves the cursor to the left


        Right, Ctrl-F moves the cursor to the right


        Ctrl-Left cursor WORD left


        Ctrl-Right cursor WORD right


        Ctrl-A cursor to beginning of line


        Ctrl-E cursor to end of line


        Del, Ctrl-D delete character at cursor


        Backspace delete character to left of cursor


        Ctrl-W delete word to left of cursor


        Ctrl-End, Ctrl-K delete to end of line


        Ctrl-R refresh (redisplay) the line


        Ctrl-X delete entire line


        Down, Ctrl-N next history line


        Up, Ctrl-P previous history line


        Ctrl-U Argument Count (not available in term function)


        An initial Ctrl-U sets an argument count of 4.  Successive Ctrl-U

        characters multiply the argument count by 4.  A decimal number may be

        entered after Ctrl-U, and this number becomes the argument count.


        EXAMPLE: ^U^U Left moves the cursor 16 left



        EXAMPLE: ^U5X inserts 5 "X" characters



        EXAMPLE: ^U5^U?  inserts 20 "?" characters.


        Unix/Xenix flavors do not support Emacs style editing in the term

        function.










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        18.  MAIN COMMANDS


        18.1  Main Commands


        All commands and arguments must be entered in lower case except where

        stated.


        You may shorten some commands by typing just the first portion that is

        shown in caps.  For example, the "break" command may be entered as

        "br".  Whether or not you abbreviate the command, it must be entered

        in lower case.


        User defined Soft Keys are executed from the command prompt iff they

        do not conflict with the permanent definitions described below.


        Except where stated, multiple commands can be written on one line

        separated by ; (semicolon).  Commands that take a constant number of

        arguments do not need a semicolon to delimit the end of the command.

        If in doubt, use a semicolon to separate multiple commands.[1]


        @ The at sign may be used to indicate a telephone number starting with

          the Touch-Tone(TM) A B C D * or # codes or a character escape.  If

          the phone number contains spaces, it must be enclosed in double

          quotes.  The leading @ is not sent to the modem.


          EXAMPLE: @#*-123-4567 Dials #*-123-4567.



        %l-234-567-8901 (%l:letter l) For normal long distance dialing, the

          string parameter l (letter l) defaults to "1" (digit 1).  To use an

          alternative long distance service, set the l string parameter with a

          modem command to dial the local access number, wait for the second

          dial tone, and transmit the account number.


          SEE ALSO: "setsavenet" telephone directory entry


          A string of alternate phone numbers may be specified with the "+"

          construction shown below.


        234-5678 A number given as a command invokes the dial script to

          attempt a connection with the specified number.  Iff the modem is

          currently connected to a remote modem, and the B numeric parameter

          is non zero, ZCOMM pulses Data Terminal Ready, terminating the

          connection.  ZCOMM character escapes may be used within the number



        __________


         1. A space or two after each semicolon makes scripts easier for

            humans to read.




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          string to represent special characters.


          EXAMPLE: 234-5678



          When carrier is detected, ZCOMM executes the mconnect string (if

          set) and proceeds to the next command


          One or several alternate phone numbers may be specified by appending

          the previous number with +234-5678 for as many alternate numbers as

          are desired.[2] When a connection is made, undialed alternates are

          forgotten.  Alternate phone numbers need not support the same

          speeds.  A redial count given to the call command repeats the

          sequence of alternate numbers.


          EXAMPLE: cis  speed 2400 239-6124/mnp_s+239-6126/mnp_s+232-1032/300

          This script line attempts a MNP (with software slow control) call to

          the first two numbers, then a 300 bps call to the third number if

          neither of the first two connected.



          Iff no connection is made, script processing at the current level is

          terminated.


          A number of modifiers are available depending on the type of modem

          and the choice of dialing script used.  These are described in

          Chapter 7.



          SEE ALSO: nolog command, calllog string parameter, mcommand string

          parameter


        a: Change the default disk to a:.  ZCOMM then prints the free storage

          remaining on the selected disk.  The specified disk must be included

          in the string parameter disks.


        abort Aborts any command or script in progress.  Closes all script

          files that may be open.  Abort returns to the command prompt.


          SEE ALSO: quit command


        accept[[l]1] stringvar prompt (letter l, digit 1) Scripts often need

          to prompt the user for file names and menu choices.


          Accept displays Prompt[3] to the user.  ZCOMM then reads keyboard



        __________


         2. When using the mm224 dialing script.




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          input into the specified string variable.  Backspace and Ctrl-U

          perform editing functions.  Characters are accepted from the user

          until <ENTER> is typed.  If the H numeric parameter is non zero, an

          empty string is returned if <ENTER> is not typed within the time

          limit set by that parameter.  Acceptl translates the user's response

          to lower case.  Acceptl1 returns a 1 character string in lower case

          after the single character is keyboarded.


          Prompt is processed for string substitution and character escapes.

          If the result begins with an ESC character, ZCOMM does not

          reposition the cursor before accepting the string.  In writing

          scripts, it may be useful to save the current screen location with

          an escape sequence, then restore it with an escape sequence encoded

          in the prompt string.


          EXAMPLE: accept s1 File: Displays the prompt File: and reads the

          keyboarded response to string parameter s1.



          EXAMPLE: acceptl1 s0 "Enter Menu Choice" Reads a single character

          from the user, translates it to lower case, and assigns it to s0.



          EXAMPLE: accept s0 "\E[20;60H\E[KFile Name: " Places the cursor at

          line 20 column 60, clears the rest of the CRT line, displays the

          prompt, and accepts input.



          EXAMPLE: accept s6 " Your \E[1mFirst\E[0m name please " Uses

          boldface video to highlight First as it appears in the prompt.



          EXAMPLE: accept s2 "File "; rc %s2 Prompts the user for a file name,

          then receives that file with XMODEM/CRC protocol.



          EXAMPLE: accept xpassword "\E[mMaster Password: \E[8m"; lput "\E[m"

          Uses invisible video (ESC [ 8 m) to allow a password to be entered

          without visible echo.  The ESC [ m sequences reset the display to

          normal (visible).



          SEE ALSO: obey command, scripts





        ______________________________________________________________________


         3. Prompt must be enclosed in quotes if it contains spaces.




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        ap file1 file2* (Append) Appends the contents of file1 to file2.  If

          file2 does not exist, it is created.  Wildcards are not allowed.

          The ap command closes any files that have been opened by the create,

          f, open, t or > commands.  File1 and file2 are processed for string

          parameter substitution.


        apd file1 file2* (Append-Delete) Appends the contents of file1 to

          file2, then deletes file1.  If file2 does not exist, it is created.

          If an error is detected writing file2, file1 is not deleted.

          Wildcards are not allowed.  The apd command closes any files that

          have been opened by the create, f, open, t or > commands.  File1 and

          file2 are processed for string parameter substitution.


          EXAMPLE: apd %item Z%item.tmp



        bdump outfile Dumps the contents of the modem interrupt input buffer

          to outfile.  This command is useful for debugging as outfile will

          contain the last characters received from the remote regardless of

          what ZCOMM commands have been executed.  The most recently received

          data appears at the end of outfile.  This command "tells it as it

          is", writing all 8 bits of each character to outfile.  If less than

          1400 characters have been received from the remote, some of outfile

          will consist of nulls or garbage.  The bdump command is often used

          as a post mortem diagnostic dump after a failed script or file

          transfer.  This command is not available on Unix, OS/2, and X.PC

          flavors of ZCOMM.


        bg Indicates ZCOMM is running in the background with no user at the

          keyboard.


          SEE ALSO: fg command, df test condition


        BReak Sends a 200 millisecond break signal.

          N.B.: Some modems do not correctly pass the break signal to the

          remote.


          SEE ALSO: Ctrl-Break key, break string parameter, zmodem B numeric

          parameter


        BROwse pathspec Browse through the files specified in pathspec.  If

          pathspec is empty, all files are presented.  For each matched

          pathname, the filename, date, and length of the file are displayed.

          The status line displays some of the commands which may be applied

          to each file.  Chapter 18.4 describes the browse subcommands, which

          provide extensive capabilities for individually selected files.


        bye Terminate the connection in progress by sending a long space and

          then dropping DTR (Data Terminal Ready).[4] After a pause, DTR is





        (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc                        Chapter 18 Main Commands


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