February dates to remember

*mmddyyyy Birthdays
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B02011810 Charles Lenox Remond born in Salem, Massachusetts.
B02141760 Richard Allen born in slavery in Philadelphia.
B02  1817 Fredrick Douglass, the most celebrated black of the
B021817   nineteenth century, was born in Tuckahoe, Talbot County, Mar
B021817   yland.



*mmddyyyy Events
*-------- -----------------------------------------------------------
S02011810 United States Population: 7,239,881.  Black population:
S0201     1,377,808 (19 per cent).
S02011810 First insurance company managed by blacks, the American Ins
S0201     urance Company of Philadelphia, established.
S02011960 Four students form North Carolina A&T College started
S0201     Sit-in movement at Greensboro, N.C., five-and-dime store.
S0201     By February 10 movement had spread to fifteen Southern citi
S0201     es in five states.
S02011865 John. Rock became the first black admitted to practice
S0201     before the U.S. Supreme Court.
S02011870 Jonathan Jasper Wright, the first black to hold a major
S0201     judicial position, elected to the South Carolina Supreme Co
S0201     urt.
S02011871 Jefferson Long of Georgia became the first black to make an
S0201     offical speech in the House of Representatives. He opposed
S0201     leniency to former Confederates.
S02011965 More than seven hundred demonstrators, including  Martin
S0201     Luther King Jr., arrested in Selma.
S02021948 President Truman sent Congress a special message urging
S0202     adoption of a civil rights program, including a fair employ
S0202     ment practices commission and anti-lynching and anti-poll t
S0202     ax measures.
S02021962 Seven whites and four blacks arrested after all-night sit-i
S0202     n at Englewood, N.J., city hall.
S0202     Four black mothers arrested after sit-in at Chicago element
S0202     ary school. Mothers later received suspended $50 fines.  Pr
S0202     otests, picketing and demonstrations continued for several
S0202     weeks against de facto segregation, double shifts and mobil
S0202     e classrooms.
S02031948 Rosa Ingram and her fourteen-and sixteen -year-old sons
S0203     condemned to death for the alleged murder of a white Georgi
S0203     an. Mrs. Ingram said she acted in self-defense.
S02031874 Blanche Kelso Bruce elected to a full six-year term in the
S0203     U.S. Senate by the Mississippi legislature.
S02031956 Autherine J. Lucy admitted to University of Alabama.  She
S0203     was suspended February 7 after a riot at the University and
S0203     expelled February 29.
S02031964 School officials reported that 464,000 black and Puerto
S0203     Rican students boycotted New York City public schools.  Mor
S0203     e than 267,000 were absent during second boycott, March 16.
S02041971 National Guard mobilized to quell rioting in Wilmington,
S0204     North Carolina.  Two persons killed. Until the 9th.
S02051866 Congressman Thaddeus Stevens offered an amendment to Freedmen'
S0205     s Bureau bill authorizing the distribution of public land and
S0205     confiscated land to freedmen and loyal refugees in forty
S0205     acre lots. The measure was defeated in the House by a vote
S0205     of 126 to 37. A Black delegation, led by Frederick Douglas
S0205     called on President Johnson and urged ballots for former
S0205     slaves.  Meeting ended in disagreement and controversy after
S0205     Johnson reiterated his opposition to black suffrage.
S02051958 Clifton R. Wharton Sr.  confirmed as minister to Rumania.
S0205     Career diplomat was the first black to head a U.S. embassy
S0205     in Europe.
S02051962 Suit seeking to bar Englewood, N.J., from maintaining "raci
S0205     cal segregated" elementary schools filed in U.S.  District
S0205     Court.
S02061820 United States population:  9,638,453. Black population:
S0206     1,771,656 (18.4 per cent).
S0206     "Mayflower of Liberia" sailed from New York City with eight
S0206     y-six blacks. Ship arrived in Sierra Leone, March 9.
S02061961 Jail-in movement started in Rock Hill, S.C., when students
S0206     refused to pay fines and requested jail sentences.  Student
S0206     s Nonviolent Coordinating Committee urged southwide "Jail,
S0206     No Bail" campaign.
S02071872 Alcorn A&M College opened.
S02071946 Filibuster in U.S. Senate killed FEPC bill.
S02081925 Marcus Garvey entered federal prison in Atlanta.
S0208     Students staged strike at Fisk University to protest polici
S0208     es of white administration.
S02081968 Officers killed three students during demonstration on
S0208     the campus of South Carolina State in Orangeburg,  South Ca
S0208     rolina.  Students were protesting segregation at an Orange
S0208     burg bowling alley.
S02091906 Death of Paul Laurence Dunbar (33), Dayton, Ohio.
S02101868 Conservatives, aided by military forces, seized convention
S0210     hall and established effective control over Reconstruction
S0210     process in Florida. Republican conservatives drafted new co
S0210     nstitution which concentrated political power in hands of g
S0210     overnor and limited the impact of the black vote.
S02111898 Owen L. W. Smith of North Carolina, AME Zion minister and
S0211     educator, named minister to Liberia.
S02111961 February 11,  Robert Weaver sworn in as administrator of th
S0211     e Housing and Home Finance Agency, highest federal post to
S0211     date by a black American.
S02111961 First black legal protest in America pressed by eleven blac
S0211     ks who petitioned for freedom in New Netherlands (New York).
S0211     Council of New Netherlands freed the eleven petitioners bec
S0211     ause they had "served the Company seventeen or eighteen yea
S0211     rs"  and had been "long since promised their freedom on the
S0211     same footing as other free people in New Netherlands."
S02111971 Whitney Young Jr., National Urban League director, drowned
S0211     during recreational swim at international conference in Lag
S0211     os,Nigeria.
S02111976 Clifford Alexander Jr.  confirmed as the first black secret
          ary of the United States army.
S02121793 First fugitive slave law enacted by Congress.
S0212     The measure made it a criminal offense to harbor a fugitive
S0212     slave or prevent his arrest.
S02121865 Henry Highland Garnet, first black to speak in the Capitol,
S0212     delivered memorial sermon on the abolition of slavery at se
S0212     rvices in the House of Representatives.
S02121909 NAACP founded.  Call for organizational meeting was issued
S0212     on 100th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth by forty-se
S0212     ven whites and six blacks.
S02121948 First Lt. Nancy C. Leftenant became the first black accepte
S0212     d in the regular army nursing corps.
S02121952 Congressional Medal of Honor awarded posthumously to
S0212     Sgt.  Cornelius H. Charlton for heroism in Korea.
S02121962 Bus boycott started in Macon, Georgia.
S02  1649 Colonial officials reported that "there are in Virginia abo
S02       ut fifteen thousand English, and of Negroes brought thither
S02       , three hundred good servants."
S02131882 Death of Henry Highland Garnet (66), diplomat and
S0213     protest leader, in Monrovia, Liberia.
S02131957 Southern Christian Leadership Conference organized at New
S0213     Orleans meeting with Martin Luther King Jr. as president.
S02141867 Morehouse College organized in Augusta, Georgia.
S0214     The institution was later moved to Atlanta.
S0214     New registration law in Tennessee abolished racial distinct
S0214     ions in voting.
S02141936 National Negro Congress organized at Chicago meeting attend
S0214     ed by 817 delegates representing more than 500 organization
S0214     s.  Asa Phillip Randolph of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
S0214     Porters was elected president of the new organization.
S02151848 Sarah Roberts barred from white school in Boston.
S0215     Her father, Benjamin Roberts, filed the first school integr
S0215     ation suit on her behalf.
S02151851 Black abolitionists invaded Boston courtroom and rescued a
S0215     fugitive slave.
S02151970 Nationalists disrupted UN session on Congo with demonstrati
S0215     on for slain Congo Premier Patrice Lumumba.
S02151965 Nat King Cole (45), singer and pianist, died in Santa Monic
S0215     a, California.
S02151978 Leon Spinks defeated Muhammad Ali for heavyweight boxing
S0215     championship.  Ali regained the title on September 15 and b
S0215     ecame the person to win the title three times.
S02161951 New York City Council passed bill prohibiting racial
S0216     discrimination in city-assisted housing developments.
S02161970 Joe Frazier knocked out Jimmy Ellis in the second
S0216     round of their New York fight and became the world heavywei
S0216     ght boxing champion.
S02171870 Congress passed resolution readmitting Mississippi on condi
S0217     tion that it would never change its constitution to disenfr
S0217     anchise blacks.
S02181688 First formal protest against slavery by organized white
S0218     body in English America made by Germantown (Pa.) Quakers at
S0218     monthly meeting.
S0218     The historic "Germantown Protest" denounced slavery and the
S0218     slave trade.
S02181865 Rebels abandoned Charleston.  First Union troops to enter
S0218     the city included Twenty-first U.S.C.T., followed by two co
S0218     mpanies of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Volunteers.
S02191864 Knights of Pythias established.
S0219     Confederate troops defeated three black and six white regim
S0219     ents at Battle of Olustee, about fifty miles from Jacksonvi
S0219     lle, Florida.
S02191919 Pan-African Congress, organized by W.E.B. Du Bois, met a Gr
S0219     and Hotel, Paris.  There were fifty-seven delegates sixteen
S0219     from the United States and fourteen from Africa form sixtee
S0219     n countries and colonies.  Blaise Diagne of Senegal was ele
S0219     cted president and Du Bois was named secretary.
S02201869 Tennessee Governor W.C. Brownlow declared martial law
S0220     in nine countries in Ku Klux Klan crisis.
S02201895 Death of Frederick Douglass (78), Anacostia Heights,
S0220     District of Columbia.  Douglass was the leading black spoke
S0220     sman for almost fifty years.  He was a major abolitionist a
S0220     nd a lecturer and editor.
S02201936 Death of John Hope (67), president, Atlanta University.
S02201968 State troopers used tear gas to stop demonstrations at Alco
S0220     rn A&M College.
S02211895 North Carolina Legislature, dominated by black Republicans
S0221     and white Populists, adjourned for the day to mark the deat
S0221     h of Frederick Douglass.
S02211961 Malcolm X (39) assassinated in Audubon Ballroom at a rally
S0221     of his organization.  Three blacks were later convicted of
S0221     the crime and sentenced to life imprisonment.
S02221898 Black postmater lynched and his wife and three daughters sh
S0221     ot and maimed for life in Lake City, S.C.
S02231869 Louisiana governor signed public accommodations law.
S02231895 William H. Heard, AME  minister and educator, named ministe
S0223     r to Liberia.
S02231915 Death of Robert Smalls (75), Reconstruction congressman, in
S0223     Beaufort, South Carolina.
S02231965 Constance Baker Motley elected Manhattan Borough president,
S0223     the highest elective office held by a black woman in a major
S0223     American city.
S02231979 Frank E. Peterson Jr. named the first black general in the
S0223     Marine Corps.
S02241868 House of Representatives voted, 126 to 47, to impeach
S0224     President Andrew Johnson.
S02251839 Seminoles and their black allies shipped from Tampa Bay,
S0225     Florida, to the West.
S02251870 Hirman R. Revels of Mississppi sworn in as first black U.S.
S0225     senator and first black representative in Congress.
S02251964 Muhammad Ali defeated Sonny Liston for world heavyweight bo
S0225     xing championship.
S02251971 President Nixon met with members of the Congressional Black
S0225     Caucus and appointed a WHite House panel to study a list of
S0225     recommendations made by the group.
S02251975 Death of Elijah Muhammad (77), leader of the Nation of
S0225     Islam, in Chicago.  He was succeeded by his son, Wallace D.
S0225     Muhammad.
S02251978 Death of Daniel ("Chappie")  James Jr. (58), retired
S0225     Air Force general and the first black promoted to four-star
S0225     rank, at the Air Force Academy, Colorado.
S02261869 Fifteenth Amendment guaranteeing the right to vote sent to
S0226     the states for ratification.
S02261870 Wyatt Outlaw, black leader of the Union League in Alamance
S0226     County, N.C., Lynched.
S02261877 At a conference in the Wormley Hotel in Washington,
S0226     representatives of Rutherford B. Hayes and representatives
S0226     of the South negotiated agreement which paved the way for t
S0226     he election of Hayes as president and the withdrawal of fed
S0226     eral troops from the South.
S02261930 The Green Pastures opened at mansfield Theater.
S02261946 Race riot, Columbia, Tennessee.  Two killed and ten
S0226     wounded.
S02261965 Jimmie Lee Jackson, civil rights activist, died of injuries
S0226     reportedly inflicted by officers in Marion, Alabama.
S02271869 John W. Menard spoke in Congress in defense of his claim to
S0227     a contested seat in Louisiana's Second Congressional Distri
S0227     ct. Congress decided against both claimants.  Congressman J
S0227     ames A. Garfield of the examining committee said "it was to
S0227     o early to admit a Negro to the U.S. Congress."  Menard was
S0227     the first black to make a speech in Congress.
S02271872 Charlotte E. Ray, first black woman lawyer, graduated  form
S0227     Howard University.  She was admitted to practice on April 2
S0227     3.
S02281871 Second Enforcement Act gave federal officers and courts con
S0228     trol of registration and voting  in congressional elections.
S02281942 Race riot, Sojourner Truth Homes, Detroit.
S02281943 Porgy and Bess opened on Broadway with Anne Brown and Todd
S0228     Duncan in starring roles.
S02281977 Death of comedian Eddie ("Rochester")  Anderson (71).
S02291968 National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (the Kerner
S0229     Commission) said white racism was the fundamental cause of
S0229     the riots in American cities.  The commission said America
S0229     was "moving toward two societies, one black, one white, sep
S0229     arate and unequal.
S02281704 Elias Neau, a Frenchman, opened school for blacks in
S0228     New York City.
S02281708 Slave revolt, Newton, Long Island (N.Y>).  Seven whites kil
S0228     led.  Two black male slaves and an Indian slave were hanged
S0228     , and a black woman was burned alive.
S02281778 Rhode Island General Assembly in precedent-breaking act
S0228     authorized the enlistment of slaves.
S02281859 Arkansas legislature required free blacks to choose between
S0228     exile and enslavement.
S02281879 Southern blacks fled political and economic exploitation in
S0228     "Exodus of 1879."  Exodus continued for several years.  One
S0228     of the major leaders of the Exodus movement was a former sl
S0228     ave, Benjamin ("Pap") Singleton.
S02281940 United States population: 131,669,275.  Black population:
S0228     12,865,518 (9.8 per cent).
S0228     Richard Wright's Native Son published.