How to Build a UFO

 

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                                 October 15, 1990

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            The following article was published as a two part series in the

       February and March   issues  of  "The  UFO  Enigma".   This  is  the

       newsletter of the UFO Study Group  of  Greater St. Louis, Inc.  This

       article could be  placed  under  more  than one catagory.   Comments

       anyone???

                                                               KEN HANKE

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                                   NIKOLA TESLA

                               MAN AHEAD OF HIS TIME

                              (or How To Build a UFO)

                                   By Bill Jones

           Nikola Tesla,  inventor  of  alternating current motors, did the

       basic research for constructing electromagnetic field lift-and-drive

       aircraft/space craft.  From 1891 to  1893, he gave a set of lectures

       and demonstrations to groups of electrical engineers.   As  part  of

       each show, Tesla  stood  in the middle of the stage, using his 6' 6"

       height, with an assistant on either  side,  each 7 feet away.  All 3

       men wore thick cork or rubber shoe soles to avoid being electrically

       grounded.  Each assistant held a wire, part of a high  voltage,  low

       current circuit.  When  Tesla  raised  his arms to each side, violet

       colored electricity jumped harmlessly  across  the  gaps between the

       men.  At high voltage and frequency in this arrangement, electricity

       flows over a surface, even the skin, rather than into it.  This is a

       basic circuit which could be used by aircraft / spacecraft.

            The hull  is  best  made double, of thin, machinable,  slightly

       flexible ceramic.  This  becomes a good electrical insulator, has no

       fire danger, resists any damaging  effects  of severe heat and cold,

       and has the  hardness  of  armor,  besides being easy  for  magnetic

       fields to pass through.

            The inner  hull is covered on it's outside by wedge shaped thin

       metal sheets of copper or aluminum,  bonded  to  the  ceramic.  Each

       sheet is 3  to 4 feet wide at the horizontal rim  of  the  hull  and

       tapers to a  few  inches wide at the top of the hull for the top set

       of metal sheets, or at the bottom  for  the  bottom  set  of sheets.

       Each sheet is separated on either side from the next sheet by 1 or 2

       inches of uncovered ceramic hull.  The top set of sheets  and bottom

       set of sheets  are  separated by about 6 inches of uncovered ceramic

       hull around the horizontal rim of the hull.

                                      Page 1

            The outer hull protects these sheets from being short-circuited

       by wind blown  metal  foil  (Air Force radar confusing chaff), heavy

       rain or concentrations   of  gasoline   or   kerosene   fumes.    If

       unshielded, fuel fumes could be electrostatically attracted  to  the

       hull sheets, burn  and  form  carbon  deposits across the insulating

       gaps between the sheets, causing  a  short-circuit.   The space, the

       outer hull with  a  slight negative charge, would absorb  hits  from

       micro-meteorites and cosmic  rays  (protons moving at near the speed

       of light).  Any danger of this type  that  doesn't  already  have  a

       negative electric charge would get a negative charge  in hitting the

       outer hull, and  be repelled by the metal sheets before it could hit

       the inner hull.  This wouldn't work  well  on  a  very big meteor, I

       might add.

            The hull can be made in a variety of shapes; sphere,  football,

       disc, or streamlined  rectangle  or triangle, as long as these metal

       sheets, "are of  considerable  area   and   arranged   along   ideal

       enveloping surfaces of very large radii of curvature,"  p.  85.  "My

       Inventions" , by Nikola Tesla.

            The power  plant  for  this machine can be a nuclear fission or

       fusion reactor for long range and  long-term  use  to  run  a  steam

       engine which turns the generators.  A short range machine  can use a

       hydrogenoxygen fuel cell  to  run  a  low-voltage  motor to turn the

       generators, occasionally recharging by hovering next to high voltage

       power lines and using antennas mounted  on the outer hull to take in

       the electricity.  The short-range machine can also  have electricity

       beamed to it  from  a  generating  plan  on  a long-range aircraft /

       spacecraft or on the ground.

       (St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Nov. 24, 1987, Vol 109, No. 328,

       "The Forever Plane" by Geoffrey Rowan, p.D1, D7.)

       ("Popular Science", Vol 232, No. 1,  Jan. 1988, "Secret of Perpetual

       Flight?  Beam Power Plane," by Arthur Fisher, p. 62-65, 106)

            One standard for the generators is to have the  same  number of

       magnets as field  coils.   Tesla's  preferred design was a thin disc

       holding 480 magnets with 480 field coils wired in series surrounding

       it in close tolerance.  At 50 revolutions  per  minute,  it produces

       19,400 cycles per second.

            The electricity is fed into a number of large  capacitors,  one

       for each metal  sheet.  An automatic switch, adjustable in timing by

       the pilot, closes, and as the electricity  jumps  across the switch,

       back and forth,  it raises it's own frequency; a switch  being  used

       for each capacitor.

            The electricity  goes  into  a  Tesla  transformer;  again, one

       transformer for each capacitor.   In  an  oil  tank  to insulate the

       windings and for  cooling,  and  supported internally  by  wood,  or

       plastic, pipe and  fittings,  each  Tesla  transformer  looks like a

       short wider pipe that is moved along  a  longer, narrower pipe by an

       insulated non-electric cable handle.  The short pipe,  the  primary,

       is 6 to  10 windings (loops) of wire connected in series to the long

       pipe.  The secondary is 460 to 600  windings, at the low voltage and

       frequency end.

            The insulated non-electric cable handle is used through a set

                                      Page 2

       of automatic controls  to move the primary coil to various places on

       the secondary coil.  This is the frequency  control.   The secondary

       coil has a low frequency and voltage end and a maximum  voltage  and

       frequency end.  The  greater the frequency the electricity, the more

       it pushes against  the  earth's  electrostatic  and  electromagnetic

       fields.

            The electricity  comes  out  of  the transformer  at  the  high

       voltage end and  goes  by  wire through the ceramic hull to the wide

       end of the metal sheet.  The electricity jumps out on and flows over

       the metal sheet,  giving off a very  strong  electromagnetic  field,

       controlled by the  transformer.   At  the narrow end  of  the  metal

       sheet, most of  the  high-voltage  push  having  been given off, the

       electricity goes back by wire through  the hull to a circuit breaker

       box (emergency shut off), then to the other side of the generators.

            In bright  sunlight,  the  aircraft  /  spacecraft   may   seem

       surrounded by hot  air,  a  slight magnetic distortion of the light.

       In semi-darkness and night, the metal  sheets glow, even through the

       thin ceramic outer hull, with different colors.  The  visible  light

       is a by-product  of  the  electricity flowing over the metal sheets,

       according to the frequencies used.

            Descending, landing or just starting  to  lift from the ground,

       the transformer primaries  are  near  the secondary  weak  ends  and

       therefore, the bottom  set of sheets glow a misty red.  Red may also

       appear at the front of the machine  when  it is moving forward fast,

       lessening resistance up  front.   Orange  appears  for  slow  speed.

       Orange-yellow are for  airplane-type speeds.  Green and blue are for

       higher speeds.  With a capacitor addition,  making  it oversized for

       the circuit, the blue becomes bright white, like a searchlight, with

       possible risk of  damaging the metal sheets involved.   The  highest

       visible frequency is violet, like Tesla's stage demonstrations, used

       for the highest  speed  along with the bright white.  The colors are

       nearly coherent, of a single frequency, like a laser.

            A machine built with a set of  super  conducting  magnets would

       simplify and reduce  electricity needs from a vehicle's  transformer

       circuits to the  point of flying along efficiently and hovering with

       little electricity.

            When Tesla was developing arc  lights  to  run  on  alternating

       current, there was  a  bothersome  high-pitched whine,  whistle,  or

       buzz, due to  the electrodes rapidly heating and cooling.  Tesla put

       this noise in  the ultrasonic range  with  the  special  transformer

       already mentioned.  The aircraft / spacecraft gives  off such noises

       when working at low frequencies.

            Timing is  important  in  the  operation  of this machine.  For

       every 3 metal sheets, when the middle one is briefly turned off, the

       sheet on either side is energized,  giving  off  the magnetic field.

       The next instant, the middle sheet is energized, while  the sheet on

       either side is  briefly  turned  off.   There is a time delay in the

       capacitors recharging themselves,  so  at  any time, half of all the

       metal sheets are  energized  and  the  other  half  are  recharging,

       alternating all around  the  inner hull.  This balances the machine,

       giving it very good stability.  This balance is less when fewer of

       the circuits are in use.

                                      Page 3

            Fairly close,  the  aircraft  /  spacecraft produces heating of

       persons and objects on the ground;  but  by hovering over an area at

       low altitude for maybe 5 or 10 minutes, the machine  also produces a

       column of very  cold  air  down to the ground.  As air molecules get

       into the strong magnetic fields that  the  machine  is  transmitting

       out, the air molecules become polarized and from lines,  or strings,

       of air molecules.   The  normal  movement of the air is stopped, and

       there is suddenly a lot more room for air molecules in this area, so

       more air pours in.  This expansion and the lack of normal air motion

       make the area intensely cold.

            This is also the reason that  the aircraft / spacecraft can fly

       at supersonic speeds without making sonic booms.  As  air flows over

       the hull, top  and  bottom,  the air molecules form lines as they go

       through the magnetic fields of the metal sheet circuits.  As the air

       molecules are left behind, they keep  their  line arrangements for a

       short time,long enough to cancel out the sonic boom shock waves.

            Outside the  earth's magnetic field, another propulsion  system

       must be used,  which  relies  on  the  first.   You may have read of

       particle accelerators, or cyclotrons,  or atom smashers.  A particle

       accelerator is a  circular  loop of pipe that, in cross-section,  is

       oval.  In a physics laboratory, most of the air in it is pumped out.

       The pipe loop  is  given a static electric charge, a small amount of

       hydrogen or other  gas is given the  same  electric  charge  so  the

       particles won't stick  to  the  pipe.   A set of electromagnets  all

       around the pipe  loop  turn on and off, one after the other, pushing

       with one magnetic pole and pulling  with  the  next, until those gas

       particles are racing  around the pipe loop at nearly  the  speed  of

       light.  Centrifugal force  makes  the  particles speed closer to the

       outside edge of the pipe loop, still within the pipe.  The particles

       break down into electrons, or light  and  other wavelengths, protons

       or cosmic rays, and neutrons if more than hydrogen  is  put  in  the

       accelerator.

            At least 2 particle accelerators are used to balance each other

       and counter each   other's   tendency   to   make  the  craft  spin.

       Otherwise, the machine  would  tend   to  want  to  start  spinning,

       following the direction of the force being applied to the particles.

       The accelerators push in opposite directions.

            As the  pilot  and crew travel in space, outside  the  magnetic

       field of a  world,  water from a tank is electrically separated into

       oxygen and hydrogen.  Waste carbon  dioxide  that isn't used for the

       onboard garden, and  hydrogen  (helium  if the machine  is  using  a

       fusion reactor) is  slowly, constantly fed into the inside curves of

       both accelerators.

            The high speed particles go  out  through  straight  lengths of

       pipe, charged like the loops and in speeding out  into  space,  push

       the machine along.   Doors  control  which  pips the particles leave

       from.  This allows   very  long   range   acceleration   and   later

       deceleration at normal  (earth)  gravity.   This avoids  the  severe

       problems of weightlessness,  including lowered physical abilities of

       the crew.

            It is possible to use straight-line particle accelerators, even

       as few as one per machine, but these  don't  seem as able to get the

       best machine speed for the least amount of particles pushed out.

                                      Page 4

            Using a  constant  acceleration  of  32.2  feet  per second per

       second provides earth  normal gravity  in  deep  space  and  only  2

       gravities of stress in leaving the earth's gravity field.  It takes,

       not counting air resistance, 18 minutes, 58.9521636 seconds to reach

       the 25,000 miles per hour speed to leave the earth's  gravity field.

       It takes about 354 days, 12 hours, 53 minutes and 40 seconds (about)

       to reach the  speed  of  light  -  672,487,072.7 miles per hour.  It

       takes the same distance to decelerate  as  it  does to speed up, but

       this cuts down  the time delay that one would have  in  conventional

       chemical rocketry enormously, for a long journey.

            A set of superconducting magnets can be charged by metal sheet

       circuits, within limits,  to  whatever  frequency is needed and will

       continue to transmit   that   magnetic    field   frequency   almost

       indefinitely.

            A shortwave  radio  can  be used to find the exact  frequencies

       that an aircraft  /  spacecraft  is using, for each of the colors it

       may show whole a color television  can  show  the same overall color

       frequency that the nearby, but not extremely close,  craft  is using

       This is limited,  as  a  machine  traveling  at  the  speed of a jet

       airliner may broadcast in a frequency  range  usually used for radar

       sets.

            The craft  circuits  override  lower frequency,  lower  voltage

       electric circuits within and near their electromagnetic fields.  One

       source briefly mentioned  a  1941  incident, where a shortwave radio

       was used to override automobile  ignition  systems,  up  to  3 miles

       away.  When the shortwave radio was turned off, the  cars could work

       again.  How many   UFO   encounters  have  been  reported  in  which

       automobile ignition systems have suddenly stopped?

            I figure that things would not  be  at all pleasant for drivers

       of modern cars with computer controlled engine and ignition systems.

       Computer circuitry is sensitive to small changes  in  voltage  and a

       temporary wrong-way voltage  surge may wipe the computer memory out.

       It could mean that a number of drivers  would  suddenly  be stranded

       with their cars not working should such a craft fly  low over a busy

       highway.  Only diesel   engines,  already  warmed  up,  and  Stanley

       Steamer type steam engine cares are  able  to  continue working in a

       strong electromagnetic field.   In May, 1988, it was  reported  that

       the U.S. Army had lost 5 Blackhawk helicopters and 22 crewmen in

       crashes caused by  ordinary commercial radio broadcasting overriding

       the computer control  circuits  of  those  helicopters.   Certainly,

       computer circuits for for this aircraft / spacecraft can and must be

       designed to overcome this weakness.

            One construction  arrangement  for  this craft  to  avoid  such

       interference is for  the  metal  sheet  circuits  to be more sharply

       tuned.  Quartz or other crystals  can  be  used  in capacitors; in a

       very large number of low-powered, single frequency  circuits,  or as

       part of a frequency control for the metal sheet circuits.

            The aircraft  / spacecraft easily overrides lower frequency and

       lower voltage electric circuits up  to  a  6 mile wide circle around

       it, but the effect is usually not tuned for such a drastic show.  It

       can be used for fire fighting: by hovering at a medium-low height at

       low frequency, it forms a double negative pole magnet  of itself and

       the ground, the sides being a rotation of positive magnetic pole.

                                      Page 5

            It polarizes  the column of air in this field.  The air becomes

       icy cold.  If it wouldn't put the fire out, it would slow it down.

            Tesla went broke in the early  1900's  building  a  combination

       radio and electric  power  broadcasting  station.   The  theory  and

       experiments were correct  but  the  financiers didn't want peace and

       prosperity for all.

            The Japanese physicist who developed  superconducting  material

       with strong magnetism  allows for a simplified construction  of  the

       aircraft / spacecraft.  Blocks of this material can be used in place

       of the inner  hull  metal  sheets.   By  putting electricity in each

       block, the pilot can control the strength  of  the magnetic field it

       gives off and can reduce the field strength by draining  some of the

       electric charge.  This  allows  the  same  amount of work to be done

       with vastly less electricity used to do it.

            It is  surprising  that  Jonathan  Swift,  in  his  "Gulliver's

       Travels", 1726, third  book,  "A  Voyage  to Laputa",  described  an

       imagined magnetic flying  island  that  comes  close to being what a

       large superconducting aircraft / spacecraft  can  be build as, using

       little or no electric power to hover and mover around.

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