TODAY in October

 

*mmddyyyy Birthdays

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B10171817 Samuel Ringgold Ward, minister, abolitionist, author, born

B1017     on the  Eastern Shore of Maryland.

B10021800 Nat Turner, leader of major slave rebellion, born in South

B1002     ampton County, Virginia.

*mmddyyyy Events

*-------- -----------------------------------------------------------

S10081775 Council of general officers decided to bar slaves and free

S1008     blacks from Continental Army.

S10231775 Continental Congress approved resolution barring blacks

S1023     from the army.

S10171787 Boston blacks, led by Prince Hall, petitioned legislature

S1017     for equal school facilities.

S10091806 Death of mathematician Benjamin Banneker (74), in Ellico

S1009     tt's Mills, Maryland.

S10061847 National black convention met in Troy, N.Y., with more than

S1006     sixty delegates from nine states.  Nathan Johnson of Massa

S1006     chusetts was elected president.

S10161849 George Washington Williams, the first major black historian,

S1016     born in Bedford Springs, Pennsylvania.

S10161849 Charles L. Reason named professor of belles-lettres and

S1016     French at Central College, McGrawville, New York.  William

S1016     G. Allen and George B. Vashon also taught at the predomin

S1016     antly white college.

S10161849 Avery College established in Allegheny, Pennsylvania.

S10011851 Black and white abolitionists smashed into a courtroom at

S1001     Syracurse, N.Y., and rescued a fugitive slave.  Abolition

S1001     ist William C. Nell published Services of Colored Americans

S1001     in the Wars of 1776 and 1812, the first extended work on

S1001     the history of American blacks.  Revised edition of the

S1001     book was published in 1855 with new title, The Colored Pat

S1001     riots of the American Revolution.

S10161855 More than one hundred delegates from six states held a

S1016     black convention in Philadelphia.  John Mercer Langston,

S1016     one of the first blacks to win public office, elected clerk

S1016     of Brownhelm Township, Lorain County, Ohio.  In 1856 he

S1016     was elected clerk of the township of Russia, near Oberlin.

S1016     In 1857 he was elected to the council of the incorporated

S1016     village of Oberlin.  From 1871 to 1878 Langston was presi

S1016     dent of the board of health of Washington, D.C.  In 1889

S1016     he was elected to the U.S. Congress from Virginia.  The

S1016     pioneer black lawyer also served as minister to Haiti and

S1016     Vice President of Howard Univerity.

S10161859 John Brown attacked Harpers Ferry, Va., with thirteen white

S1016     men and five blacks.  Two of the five blacks were killed,

S1016     two were captured and one escaped.

S10281862 First Kansas Colored Volunteers repulsed and drove off sup

S1028     erior force of rebels at Island Mound, Missouri.  This was

S1028     the first engagement for black troops.

S10041864 New Orleans Tribune, first black daily newspaper, founded

S1004     by Dr. Louis C. Roudanez.  The newspaper, published in both

S1004     English and French, started as a tri-weekly but soon became

S1004     an influential daily.

S10041864 National black convention met in Syracuse, New York.

S101867   Monroe Baker, a well-to-do black businessman, named mayor

S10       of St. Martin, Louisiana.  He was probably the first black

S10       to serve as mayor of a town.

S10061868 Black state convention at Macon, Georgia, protested expul

S1006     sion of black politicians from Georgia legislature.

S10261868 White terrorists killed several black in St. Bernard Parish,

S1026     near New Orleans.

S10261868 B.F. Randolph, state senator and chairman of the state Re

S1026     public party, assassinated in daylight at Hodges Depot in

S1026     Abbevile, South Carolina.

S10051869 First Reconstruction legislature (27 blacks, 150 whites)

S1005     met in Richmond, Virginia.

S10191870 First blacks elected to the House of Representatives.

S1019     Black Republicans won three of the four congressional seats

S1019     in South Carolina:  Joseph H. Rainey, Robert C. Delarge

S1019     and Robert B. Elliott.  Rainey was elected to an unexpired

S1019     term in the Forty-first Congress and was the first black

S1019     seated in the House.

S10191870 Republicans swept South Carolina elections with a ticket

S1019     of six whites and two blacks:  Alonzo Ransier, lieutenant

S1019     governor; Francis L. Cardozo, secretary of state.

S10061871 Fisk Jubilee Singers began first national tour.

S10171871 President Grant suspended the writ of habeas corpus and

S1017     declared martial law in nine South Carolina counties af

S1017     fected by Klan disturbances.

S10161872 South Carolina Republicans carried election with a ticket

S1016     of four whites and four blacks: Richard H. Gleaves, lieu

S1016     tenant governor; Henry E. Hayne, secretary of state; Fran

S1016     cis L. Cardozo, treasurer; Henery W. Purvis, adjutant gen

S1016     eral.  Blacks won 97 of the 158 seats in the General Assem

S1016     bly and four of the five congressional districts.

S10071873 Henry E. Hayne, secretary of state, accepted as a student

S1007     at the University of South Carolina.  Scores of blacks at

S1007     tended the university in 1874 and 1875.

S101874   South Carolina Republicans carried election with reduced

S10       margin.  Republican tickets was composed of four whites

S10       and four blacks:  R.H. Gleaves, lieutenant governor; Franc

S10       is L. Cardozo, treasurer; Henry E. Hayne, secretary, of

S10       state; H.W. Purvis, adjutant general.

S10161876 Race riot, Cainhoy, South Carolina.  Five whites and one

S1016     black killed.

S10261876 President sent federal troops to South Carolina.

S10151877 Forty-fifth Congress (1877-79) convened.  One U.S. senator,

S1015     Blanche K. Bruce, Mississippi. Three U.S. congressmen:  Ri

S1015     chard H. Cain, Joseph H. Rainey, Robert Smalls, South Car

S1015     olina.  Jackson College (Miss.) established.

S10151883 U.S. Supreme Court declared Civil Rights Act of 1875 uncon

S1015     stitutional.

S10171888 Capital Savings Bank of Washigton, D.C., the first black

S1017     bank, opened in Washington, D.C. The Savings Bank of the

S1017     Order of True Reformers (Richmond, Va.) was chartered on

S1017     March 2, 1888.

S10151890 Alabama Penny Savings Bank organized in Birmingham.  Eighty

S1015     -five blacks reported lynched in 1890.  Savannah State Col

S1015     lege established.

S101895   National Medical Association founded in Atlanta.

S10201898 North Carolina Mutual and Provident Insurance Company foun

S1020     ded by John Merrick and associates in Durham, North Caro

S1020     lina.

S10161901 Booker T. Washington dined at the White House with Presi

S1016     dent Roosevelt and was critized in the South.

S10031904 Mary McLeod Bethune opened Daytona Normal and Industrial

S1003     School in Daytona Beach, Florida.  In 1923 the school merg

S1003     ed with Cookman Institute and became Bethune-Cookman Col

S1003     lege.  Seventy-six blacks reported lynched in 1904.

S10221906 Three thousand blacks demonstrated and rioted in Philadel

S1022     phia to protest a theatrical presentation of Thomas Dixon's

S1022     The Clansman.   Sixty-two blacks reported lynched in 1906.2

S10231911 Three organizations the Committee for Improving the Indus

S1023     trial Conditions of Negroes in New York, the Committee on

S1023     Urban Conditions and the National League for the Protection

S1023     of Colored Women merged, under the leadership of Dr. George

S1023     E. Hayne and Eugene Kinckle Jones, to form the National Ur

S1023     ban League.  Eugene Kinckle Jones was named executive se

S1023     cretary.  Sixty blacks reported lynched in 1911.

S10281914 Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, founded at Howard University,

S1028     incorporated.

S10251915 Atty. James L. Curtis named minister of Liberia.

S10131919 Race riot, Elaine, Phillips County, Arkansas. Five whites

S1013     and twenty-five to fifty blacks reports killed.  Seventy-

S1013     six blacks were reported lynched in 1919.  Kansas City Call

S1013     founded by Chester Arthur Franklin.  Spingarn Medal presen

S1013     ted to Archibald Grimke, President of the American Negro

S1013     Academy and former U.S. consul to Santo Domingo.

S10261921 Solomon Porter Hood named minister to Liberia.

S10241923 Department of Labor said some 500,000 blacks had left the

S1024     South in the preceding twelve months.

S10291923 Runnin' Wild opened at Colonial Theater, Broadway.  Miller

S1029     and Lyles production introduced Charleston to New York and

S1029     the world.

S10291924 Dixie to Broadway, "the first real revue by Negroes," open

S1029     ed at Broadhurst Theater, New York City, with Florence

S1029     Mills in starring role.

S10291929 Collapse of stock market and the beginning of the Great De

S1029     pression.  By 1937, 26 per cent of black males were unem

S1029     ployed.

S10261934 At a New York City conference, representatives of the NAACP

S1026     and the American Fund for Public Service planned a coordi

S1026     nated legal campaign against segregation and discrimination.

S1026     Charles H. Houston, Vice-dean of the Howard University Law

S1026     School, was named director of the NAACP legal campaign.

S10241935 Italy invaded Ethiopia.  American blacks held mass meetings

S1024     of protest and raised funds for the Ethiopian defenders.

S10011937 Pullman Company formally recognized the Brotherhood of

S1001     Sleeping Car Porters.  Spingarn Medal awarded to Walter

S1001     WHite, NAACP secretary, for his leadership and work in the

S1001     antilynching movement.

S10091940 The White House released a statement which said that gover

S1009     nment "policy is not to intermingle colored and white en

S1009     listed personnel in the same regimental organizations."

S10161940 Benjamin Oliver Davis Sr.  named the first black general

S1016     in the regular army.

S10251940 Committe on the Participation of Negroes in the National

S1025     Defense Program met with President Roosevelt.  National

S1025     Newspaper Publishers Association founded.  Spingarn Medal

S1025     presented to Dr. Louis T. Wright for his civil rights lead

S1025     ership and his contributions as a surgeon.

S10201942 Sixty leading Southern blacks issued "Durham Manifesto"

S1020     calling for fundamental changes in race relations after

S1020     a Durham, North Carolina, meeting.

S10191943 Theater Guild presentation of Othello opened at Shubert

S1019     Theater with Paul Robeson in title role.  Production ran

S1019     for 296 performances and set record for Shakespearean drama

S1019     on Boardway.

S10121945 Jesse James Payne was lynched in Madison County. Florida.

S10231947 NAACP petition on racism, "An Appeal to the World," presen

S1023     ted to United Nations at Lake Success.

S10291947 President's Committee on Civil Rights condemned racial

S1029     injustices in America in formal report, "To Secure These

S1029     Rights."  Texas Southern University established.  Spingarn

S1029     Medal awarded to Dr. Percy L. Julian for his achievements

S1029     as a scientist.

S10011948 California Supreme Court voided state statue banning inter

S1001     racial marriages.  Edward Dudley named ambassador to Libe

S1001     ria.  Spingarn Medal Presented to Channing H. Tobias for

S1001     his 'consistent role as a defender of fundamental American

S1001     liberties."

S10031949 WERD, first black-owned radio station, opened in Atlanta.

S10151949 William Hastie nominated for the U.S. Circuit Court of Ap

S1015     peals.  He was the first black to sit on the court.

S10011951 Twenty-fourth Infantry Regiment, last of all-black units

S1001     military units authorized by Congress in 1866, deactivated

S1001     in Korea.

S10271954 B.O. Davis Jr. became the first black general in the U.S.

S1027     Air Force.

S10301954 Defense Department announced elimination of all segregated

S1030     regiments in the armed forces.

S10251958 Ten thousand students, led by Jackie Robinson, Harry Bela

S1025     fonte and A. Phillip Randolph, participated in the Youth

S1025     March for Integrated Schools in Washington.  Daisy Bates,

S1025     head of the Arkansas chapter of the NAACP, and the nine

S1025     students who integrated Little Rocks's Central High School

S1025     were awarded the Spingarn Medal for their courage and lead

S1025     ership in the civil rights struggle.

S10011960 Nigeria proclaimed independent.

S10191960 Martin Luther King Jr. arrested in Atlanta sit-in and ord

S1019     ered to serve four months in the Georgia State Prison for

S1019     violating a probated traffic sentence.

S10191960 John F. kennedy, Democratic presidential candidate, called

S1019     Mrs. Martin Luther King Jr. and expressed his concern about

S1019     the imprisonment of Dr. King.

S10271960 Martin Luther King Jr. released on bond from the Georgia

S1027     State Prison in Reidsville.  Politicial observers said the

S1027     Kennedy call increased the number of blacks voters who

S1027     insured his election.

S10101961 Otis M. Smith appointed to Michigan Supreme Court.

S10011962 Some twelve thousand federal soldiers restored order on

S1001     the University of Mississippi campus.  James H. Meredith,

S1001     escorted by federal marshalls, registered at the Univer

S1001     sity of Mississippi.  Edwin A. Walker, former major gene

S1001     ral in the U.S. Army, was arrested and charged with in

S1001     citing insurrection and seditious conspiracy.  Walker,

S1001     who led federal troops during the Little Rock integration

S1001     crisis, had call for "Volunteers" to oppose federal forces

S1001     in Mississippi.  Witnesses said he led students in charges

S1001     against federal marshalls during the campus riot.

S10091962 Uganda proclaimed independent.

S10221963 Some 225,000 students boycotted Chicago schools in Freedom

S1022     Day protest of de facto segregation.

S10241964 Zambia proclaimed independent.

S101966   Black Panther party founded in Oakland (Calif.) by Huey

S10       Newton and Bobby Seale.

S10161968 John Carlos and Tommie Smith staged Black Power demonstra

S1016     tion on victory stand after winning 200-meter event at

S1016     Olympics in Mexico City.  Carlos and Smith said they were

S1016     protesting racism in America.

S10081969 Police officers and blacks exchanged sniper fire on Chica

S1008     go's West Side.  One youth was killed and nine policemen

S1008     were injured.

S10141969 Race riot, Springfield, Massachusetts.

S10171969 Dr. Clifton R. Wharton Jr. elected president of Michigan

S1017     State University and became the first black to head a ma

S1017     jor, predominantly white university in the twentieth cen

S1017     tury.

S10291969 U.S. Supreme Court said school systems must end segrega

S1029     tion "at once" and "operate now and hereafter only unitary

S1029     schools."  In Mississippi case, Alexander V. Holmes, the

S1029     Court abandoned the principle of "all deliberate speed.

S10311969 Race riot, Jacksonville, Florida.

S10131970 Angela Davis arrested in New York City and charged with

S1013     unlawful flight to avoid persecution for her alleged role

S1013     in California courthouse shootout.

S10141971 Two killed in Memphis racial disturbances.

S10111972 Prison uprising, Washington, D.C., jail.

S10121972 Forty-six black and white sailors injured in race riot on

S1012     the aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk of North Vietnam.

S10241972 Death of Jack Roosevelt ("Jackie") Robinson (53), first

S1024     black in major leagues in twentieth century, in Stamford,

S1024     Connecticut.

S10161973 Maynard Jackson elected mayor of Atlanta.

S10031974 Frank Robinson named manager of the Cleveland Indians and

S1003     became the first black manager in the major leagues.

S10151974 National Guard mobilized to restore order in Boston school

S1015     busing crisis.

S10301974 Muhammad Ali defeated George Foreman for heavyweight box

S1030     ing title in Zaire.

S10251976 Gov. George Wallace granted a full pardon to Clarence

S1025     ("Willie") Norris, the last known survivor of the nine

S1025     Scottsboro Boys who were convicted in 1931 of the alleged

S1025     rape of two white women on a freight train.

S10301976 Rev. Joseph H. Evans elected president of the United

S1030     Church of Christ.

S10261977 Dr. Clifford R. Wharton Jr.  named chancellor of the State

S1026     University of New York.

S10101978 Death of Congressman Ralph H. Metcalfe (68), in Chicago.

S10271978 President Carter signed Hawkins-Humphrey full employment

S1027     bill.

S10031979 Death of artist Charles White (61), in Los Angeles.

S10301979 Richard Arrington elected mayor of Birmingham.

S10131980 Unprovoked slayings of six blacks in Buffalo, New York,

S1013     triggered demands for national investigation.  Spingarn

S1013     Medal warded to Rayford W. Logan, historian and auther,

S1013     "in tribute to his lifetime of service as an educator and

S1013     historian."

S10271981 Andrew Young, Former UN Ambassador, elected mayor of At

S1027     lanta.

S10281981 Edward M. McIntrye elected first black mayor of Augusta,

S1028     Georgia.

S10291981 Death of William O. Walker (85), publisher of the Cleve

S1029     land Call Post, in Cleveland.